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Impurity profiling of methamphetamine synthesised from α-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN)
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-06 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.3140
Deanna Langone 1 , Ben Painter 2 , Clark Nash 2 , Martin R Johnston 1, 3 , K Paul Kirkbride 1
Affiliation  

The rise in popularity of ‘designer’ precursor compounds for the synthesis of amphetamine-type stimulants poses a significant challenge to law enforcement agencies. One such precursor is α-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN). APAAN emerged in Europe in 2010 and quickly became one of the most popular precursors for amphetamine synthesis in that region. Previous literature has identified four APAAN-specific impurities formed in the synthesis of amphetamine; however, there is currently no research on the use of APAAN in the synthesis of methamphetamine, which is more likely to be employed in a non-European market. In this study methamphetamine was synthesised via three common clandestine methods: the Leuckart method and two reductive amination methods. We report the identification of five new impurities and two previously identified impurities characteristic for the use of APAAN in the synthesis of methamphetamine. The newly identified impurities were characterised by MS and NMR and determined to be (E)-3-(methylamino)-2-phenylbut-2-enenitrile, 3-(methylamino)-2-phenylbutanenitrile, 3-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentanedinitrile, 2-phenylbutyronitrile and 3-hydroxy-2-phenylbutanenitrile.

中文翻译:

由 α-苯基乙酰乙腈 (APAAN) 合成的甲基苯丙胺的杂质分析

用于合成苯丙胺类兴奋剂的“特制”前体化合物越来越受欢迎,这对执法机构构成了重大挑战。一种这样的前体是 α-苯基乙酰乙腈 (APAAN)。APAAN 于 2010 年在欧洲出现,并迅速成为该地区最受欢迎的苯丙胺合成前体之一。以前的文献已经确定了苯丙胺合成中形成的四种 APAAN 特异性杂质;然而,目前还没有关于 APAAN 在甲基苯丙胺合成中的使用的研究,而甲基苯丙胺更有可能被用于非欧洲市场。在这项研究中,甲基苯丙胺是通过三种常见的秘密方法合成的:Leuckart 法和两种还原胺化法。我们报告了在甲基苯丙胺合成中使用 APAAN 时鉴定出的五种新杂质和两种先前鉴定的杂质特征。新鉴定的杂质经 MS 和 NMR 表征,确定为 (E )-3-(甲基氨基)-2-苯基丁-2-烯腈、3-(甲基氨基)-2-苯基丁腈、3-甲基-2,4-二苯基戊二腈、2-苯基丁腈和3-羟基-2-苯基丁腈。
更新日期:2021-08-06
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