Capillary endothelial cells possess a specialized metabolism necessary to adapt to the unique alveolar-capillary environment. Here, we highlight how endothelial metabolism preserves the integrity of the pulmonary circulation by controlling vascular permeability, defending against oxidative stress, facilitating rapid migration and angiogenesis in response to injury, and regulating the epigenetic landscape of endothelial cells. Recent reports on single cell RNA sequencing reveal subpopulations of pulmonary capillary endothelial cells with distinctive reparative capacities which potentially offers new insight into their metabolic signature. Lastly, we discuss broad implications of pulmonary vascular metabolism on acute respiratory distress syndrome, touching on emerging findings of endotheliitis in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lungs.

中文翻译：

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肺血管稳态和急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的内皮代谢

毛细血管内皮细胞具有适应独特的肺泡毛细血管环境所必需的特殊代谢。在这里，我们重点介绍内皮代谢如何通过控制血管通透性、防御氧化应激、促进损伤后的快速迁移和血管生成以及调节内皮细胞的表观遗传景观来保持肺循环的完整性。最近关于单细胞 RNA 测序的报告揭示了肺毛细血管内皮细胞亚群具有独特的修复能力，这可能为了解其代谢特征提供新的见解。最后，我们讨论了肺血管代谢对急性呼吸窘迫综合征的广泛影响，并涉及 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 肺部内皮炎的新发现。