Fenestrations allow for natural daylight and outdoor views, but also represent the least thermally efficient portion of the building envelope, and thus can be a source of unwanted direct sunlight and associated discomfort glare. A well-designed fenestration system operated with proper control strategies is capable of reducing building energy usage significantly while maintaining a both thermally and visually comfortable environment for occupants. This paper reviews and analyzes window design studies for high-performance buildings, which could be interpreted as decision-making processes to achieve the window performance goals by controlling a series of design variables (e.g., location and dimensions of windows, glazing type, etc.). An overview of available design options for window systems to date is introduced first, and then the decision-making methodologies of window systems are categorized and analyzed to present a comprehensive review, where we present a detailed analysis of sequential knowledge-based design methods and simulation-based optimization methods. Last, potential challenges and future research trends are identified and analyzed to help promote all automatic simulation-based optimization design methods for high performance fenestration systems.

开窗允许自然采光和室外景观，但也代表建筑围护结构中热效率最低的部分，因此可能是不需要的直射阳光和相关不适眩光的来源。精心设计的开窗系统以适当的控制策略运行，能够显着减少建筑能源使用，同时为居住者保持热和视觉舒适的环境。本文回顾和分析了高性能建筑的窗户设计研究，可以将其解释为通过控制一系列设计变量（例如窗户的位置和尺寸、玻璃类型等）来实现窗户性能目标的决策过程。 ）。首先介绍了迄今为止窗户系统的可用设计选项的概述，然后对窗系统的决策方法进行分类和分析，以进行全面回顾，其中我们详细分析了基于顺序知识的设计方法和基于仿真的优化方法。最后，识别和分析潜在的挑战和未来的研究趋势，以帮助促进高性能开窗系统的所有基于自动仿真的优化设计方法。