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The Origins of the Apple in Central Asia
Journal of World Prehistory ( IF 3.545 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s10963-021-09154-8
Elizabeth Baker Brite

The study of agricultural origins has been revolutionized by genomic science. Whole genome sequencing of plant domesticates opens a door to multiple new approaches by which the timing, nature, and geography of human selective pressures on the evolution of domesticated species might be detected. These new scientific pathways greatly enhance understandings of domestication as an evolutionary process, but they also renew long-standing questions for archaeologists about whether and how to perceive human agency in the ancient past of human–plant interspecies relations. Due to its importance as a global commercial crop, the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) was the tenth plant genome to be successfully sequenced in 2010. The genomic record of the apple reveals a deep history of human–plant co-evolution by unconscious selection, domestication through hybridization, and a phylogeographic origin in Central Asia. The first two of these insights document a domesticate that has evolved from protracted and unconscious processes, but the third—the identification of the progenitor Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. in Central Asia, and the necessary corollary that its hybridization arose along the ‘Silk Road’—invites further discussion about the roles of human agency and intentionality in the initial stages of plant domestication. This paper presents a review of apple domestication studies in archaeology and genetics and considers the problematic of Central Asia and the Silk Road in the current paradigm shift of agricultural origins research.



中文翻译:

中亚苹果的起源

基因组科学彻底改变了农业起源的研究。驯化植物的全基因组测序为多种新方法打开了一扇大门,通过这些方法可以检测人类选择压力对驯化物种进化的时间、性质和地理。这些新的科学途径极大地增强了对驯化作为进化过程的理解,但它们也更新了考古学家长期存在的问题,即是否以及如何在人类与植物间关系的古老历史中感知人类能动性。由于其重要性,作为全球经济作物,苹果(苹果X家蝇Borkh.) 是 2010 年成功测序的第十个植物基因组。苹果的基因组记录揭示了通过无意识选择、杂交驯化以及中亚系统地理学起源的人类-植物共同进化的深厚历史。这些见解中的前两个记录了一种从长期和无意识过程进化而来的驯化动物,但第三个——对祖先Malus Siversii的鉴定(Ledeb。) M. Roem。在中亚,以及其杂交产生于“丝绸之路”的必然推论——引发了关于人类能动性和意向性在植物驯化初始阶段的作用的进一步讨论。本文回顾了考古学和遗传学中的苹果驯化研究,并考虑了中亚和丝绸之路在当前农业起源研究范式转变中的问题。

更新日期:2021-06-07
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