<br>内源性大麻素系统对神经炎症性自身免疫性疾病的治疗特性,Molecules

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内源性大麻素系统对神经炎症性自身免疫性疾病的治疗特性
Molecules ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-03 , DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113389
Ishtiaq Ahmed _{1,

2} , Saif Ur Rehman ₁ , Shiva Shahmohamadnejad ₃ , Muhammad Anjum Zia ₄ , Muhammad Ahmad ₅ , Muhammad Muzammal Saeed ₄ , Zain Akram ₂ , Hafiz M N Iqbal ₆ , Qingyou Liu ₁

Affiliation

在人类中，与大麻素具有结合亲和力的大麻素受体（CBR）等多个位点分布在不同细胞类型的表面上，内源性大麻素（EC）和脂肪酸衍生物可以在这些位点结合。这些物质的结合会触发各种生理功能所需的特定受体的激活，包括痛觉、记忆和食欲。 EC 和 CBR 通过大麻素受体 1 (CB ₁ ) 执行多种功能；大麻素受体2（CB ₂ ），对抑制神经递质和细胞因子的排列具有关键作用。大麻素因其免疫抑制特性而在免疫系统中发挥作用。这些特性包括抑制白细胞增殖、T 细胞凋亡、诱导巨噬细胞以及减少促炎细胞因子分泌。该综述旨在讨论内源性大麻素系统（ECS）与大麻素在各种癌症中的抗肿瘤特性之间的功能关系。大麻素在体内和体外临床试验中的癌症治疗潜力也得到了强调，据报道在关节炎小鼠模型中可有效减少炎症、神经性疼痛，对多发性硬化症和 1 型糖尿病有积极作用，并发现对治疗各种癌症有益。在人体模型中，此类研究是有限的。因此，为了获得结论性的结果，该领域的进一步研究是必不可少的。因此，在自身免疫性疾病中，治疗性大麻素可以作为有前途的免疫抑制剂和抗纤维化药物。

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Therapeutic Attributes of Endocannabinoid System against Neuro-Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders

In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. The ECs and CBR perform multiple functions via the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB₁); cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB₂), having a key effect in restraining neurotransmitters and the arrangement of cytokines. The role of cannabinoids in the immune system is illustrated because of their immunosuppressive characteristics. These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. The review seeks to discuss the functional relationship between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and anti-tumor characteristics of cannabinoids in various cancers. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer—both in vivo and in vitro clinical trials—has also been highlighted and reported to be effective in mice models in arthritis for the inflammation reduction, neuropathic pain, positive effect in multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes mellitus, and found beneficial for treating in various cancers. In human models, such studies are limited; thereby, further research is indispensable in this field to get a conclusive outcome. Therefore, in autoimmune disorders, therapeutic cannabinoids can serve as promising immunosuppressive and anti-fibrotic agents.

更新日期：2021-06-03

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