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Nested information processing in the living world
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 , DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14612
Tilmann Wurtz 1
Affiliation  

Living organisms create, copy, and make use of information, the content depending on the level of organization. In cells, a network of signal chain proteins regulates gene expression and other cell functions. Incoming information is encoded through signal reception, processed by the network, and decoded by the synthesis of new gene products and other biological functions. Signaling proteins represent nodes, and signal transmission proceeds via allosteric binding, chemical and structural modifications, synthesis, sequestering, and degradation. The induction of the gene caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) in the mammalian preimplantation embryo is outlined as a demonstration of this concept. CDX2 is involved in the decision of cells to enter the trophoblast lineage. Two signal chains are coordinated into an information processing model with the help of logic gates. The model introduces a formal structure that incorporates experimental and morphological data. Above the cell level, information flow relates to tissue formation and functioning, and whole cells play the role of network nodes. This is described for the anatomical patterning of bone with implications for bone formation and homeostasis. The information usage in cells and tissues is set into a context of the nervous system and the interaction of human individuals in societies, both established scenes of information processing.

中文翻译:

生活世界中的嵌套信息处理

生物体创造、复制和利用信息,其内容取决于组织的层次。在细胞中,信号链蛋白网络调节基因表达和其他细胞功能。传入的信息通过信号接收进行编码,通过网络进行处理,并通过合成新的基因产物和其他生物功能进行解码。信号蛋白代表节点,信号传输通过变构结合、化学和结构修饰、合成、螯合和降解进行。基因尾型同源框2( CDX2)的诱导) 在哺乳动物的植入前胚胎中被概述作为这一概念的证明。CDX2 参与细胞进入滋养层谱系的决定。在逻辑门的帮助下,两个信号链被协调成一个信息处理模型。该模型引入了结合实验和形态数据的正式结构。在细胞层面之上,信息流与组织的形成和功能有关,整个细胞扮演着网络节点的角色。这是针对骨骼的解剖模式描述的,对骨骼形成和体内平衡有影响。细胞和组织中的信息使用被设置为神经系统和社会中人类个体的相互作用的背景,两者都是信息处理的既定场景。
更新日期:2021-05-26
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