The short-lived polygamous moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) is an important fruit pest worldwide. Trapping males by synthetic female sex pheromones is not an effective reproductive control strategy. It is important to improve this technology by understanding the mating system of G. molesta. This study investigated mating opportunities and fertile egg production by altering the operational sex ratio, mating age, and male mating history in repeated single mating and multiple mating in the two sexes. Our results showed that the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin males were affected by the number and age of virgin females. Males preferred a female number ≤three-fifths of the male number or ≤2-day-old females, while they discriminated against a female number ≥three times of the male number or ≥5-day-old females. On the other hand, the mating and reproductive parameters of virgin females were affected by repeated single mating and especially multiple mating under different male mating histories. Females preferred once-mated males and discriminated against virgin males. These results indicated that mating systems including more and older virgin females for virgin males and different virgin males for virgin females may be suitable for suppressing G. molesta populations. Hence, these results revealed that preventing mating of virgin adults by synthetic female sex pheromones should be most effective in controlling G. molesta.

中文翻译：

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操作性别比、交配年龄和雄性交配史对鼹鼠交配和繁殖行为的影响

短命的一夫多妻制蛾石墨烯(Busck) 是世界范围内重要的水果害虫。通过合成的雌性性信息素诱捕雄性并不是一种有效的生殖控制策略。重要的是通过了解交配系统来改进这项技术G.莫雷斯塔. 本研究通过改变两种性别的重复单次交配和多次交配的操作性别比、交配年龄和雄性交配历史来调查交配机会和受精卵产量。我们的研究结果表明，处女雄性的交配和生殖参数受处女的数量和年龄的影响。男性偏爱≤男性数量的五分之三或≤2日龄的女性，而歧视≥男性人数的3倍或≥5日龄的女性。另一方面，处女雌性的交配和生殖参数受到重复的单次交配，特别是在不同雄性交配历史下的多次交配的影响。女性更喜欢曾经交配过的男性，并歧视处女男性。G.莫雷斯塔人口。因此，这些结果表明，通过合成雌性性信息素防止处女交配应该是最有效的控制G.莫雷斯塔.