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• History of the Sif Oidak District, Tohono 'O'odham Nation
• Harry J. Winters Jr. (bio)

The lands of the Tohono 'O'odham Nation are divided into 11 districts. The district boundaries reflect ancient patterns of ownership and use of natural resources such as farmlands, watering places, and areas for gathering of food plants by different groups of Tohono 'O'odham. The Nation is governed by a Tribal Council with a tribal chairperson and vice chairperson. All 11 districts are represented on the council. Each district has its own District Council with a district chairperson and a district vice chairperson. In May 2018, Alex Cruz, then chairman of the Sif Oidak District of the Tohono 'O'odham Nation, and a friend of mine, asked me to meet with him. As I recall, he had been asked by one of the educational offices of the Nation to write a history of his district. The plan was to go through my book, 'O'odham Place Names, Meanings, Origins and Histories, Arizona and Sonora, so Alex could make a list of pages with events from the district's history. He would then write the history. We were originally to meet on May 23, but due to a death in the district the meeting was postponed until June. I decided the easiest course of action would be for me to write a draft of the history for review since the district officials were under a deadline and had an awful lot of other work on their plates. I finished the draft on June 7 and met with Margie Juan, vice chairwoman of the district, at the Iron Skillet on Interstate 10 on June 8 to go over it with her over pancakes and coffee. Alex and Margie were very happy with it and were also happy for me to make it available to others.

Location of the Sif Oidak District

The northern boundary of the Sif Oidak District is the northernmost boundary of the nine districts that include most of the lands of the Tohono 'O'odham Nation in the United States. The district's maximum [End Page 679] dimensions are about 33 miles from north to south near its eastern boundary and about 30 miles east to west in its northern area. The northernmost point of the district is about 2.5 miles north of Cheechio village and the southernmost point is about 0.75 mile north of Gu Achi Peak in the Santa Rosa Mountains. The east to west dimension steadily increases going north from about 17 miles at the district's southern boundary to 30 miles at a point on its western boundary with the Hickiwan District. From that point on the east to west dimension decreases to only 6 miles on the northern boundary northwest of Cheechio. The district is bounded by the Hickiwan District on the west, the Gu Achi and Schuk Toak Districts on the south, and by non-reservation lands on the east and north. Most of the district is in Pinal County, Arizona, with only the southernmost area in Pima County. See the Sif Oidak District map.

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Figure 1 shows Table Top Mountain, Mo'ochbaḍ in the 'O'odham language, which is immediately to the north of the northern boundary of the Sif Oidak District. Mo'ochbaḍis the dominant topographical feature on the south side of Interstate 8 between Casa Grande and Gila Bend, Arizona.

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Mo'ochbaḍ, or Table Top Mountain. North of Koahadk and southwest of Casa Grande, Arizona. Great views from Interstate 8 traveling west from Casa Grande. Photo by Peter Kresan.

Going from north to south, villages with year-round residents include Cheechio, Vaiva Vo'o, Taḍ Memelikuḍ, Koahadk, Komalik, and 'Aangam. On U.S. Geological Survey maps these village names are spelled Chuichu, Vaiva Vo or Cocklebur, Tat Momoli, Kohatk, North Komelik and Anegam.

Origin of the Names Siv 'Oidag and Koahadk

The village now called Koahadk was once called Siv 'Oidag, Bitter Fields, because it was at the upstream end of the fields...

中文翻译：

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Tohono'O'odham Nation的Sif Oidak区的历史

代替摘要，这里是内容的简要摘录：

• Tohono'O'odham Nation的Sif Oidak区的历史
• 小哈里·温特斯（生物）

Tohono'O'odham民族的土地分为11个地区。地区边界反映了古代所有权和对自然资源的使用方式，例如农田，饮水场所以及Tohono'O'odham的不同群体收集食用植物的地区。国家由部落委员会管理，部落成员由主席和副主席组成。所有11个区均在理事会中代表。每个区都有其自己的区议会，区议会由区主席和区副主席组成。2018年5月，时任Tohono'O'odham Nation的Sif Oidak区主席，我的一个朋友Alex Cruz邀请我与他见面。我记得，一个国家的教育部门曾要求他写他所在地区的历史。计划是要读完我的书，“ O'odham”的地名，含义，起源和历史，亚利桑那州和索诺拉（Sonora），因此亚历克斯（Alex）可以列出该地区历史上发生的事件的页面列表。然后，他将写下历史。我们原本是5月23日开会，但由于该地区的死亡，会议被推迟到6月。我认为，最简便的方法是对我写一份历史草案进行审查，因为地区官员的期限已到，并且他们的工作量很大。我于6月7日完成了草稿，并于6月8日在10号州际公路的铁锅上会见了该地区的副主席玛吉·胡安（Margie Juan），并与她一起吃了煎饼和咖啡。亚历克斯（Alex）和玛吉（Margie）对它非常满意，也为我向其他人提供它而感到高兴。

大号的的ocation小号如果ö idak d istrict

Sif Oidak区的北边界是九个区的最北边界，其中包括美国Tohono'O'odham Nation的大部分土地。区的最大数量[结束页679]它的尺寸在其东部边界附近由北至南约33英里，在其北部地区由东至西约30英里。该地区的最北端位于Cheechio村以北约2.5英里处，最南端位于圣罗莎山的Gu Achi Peak以北约0.75英里处。东到西尺寸从该区域的南部边界处的约17英里向北逐渐增加，在其与希基旺区的西部边界处的某个点处达到30英里。从此点开始，东西方的尺寸在Cheechio西北边界的北边界减小到仅6英里。该地区的西部是Hickiwan区，南部是Gu Achi和Schuk Toak区，东部和北部则是非保留地。大部分地区位于亚利桑那州的Pinal县，仅在皮马县最南端的地区。请参见Sif Oidak区地图。

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[结束页680]

图1以'O'odham语言显示了Mo'ochbaḍ的Table Top Mountain，它紧邻Sif Oidak区北部边界的北部。Mo'ochbaḍ是8号州际公路南侧，位于卡萨格兰德（Casa Grande）和亚利桑那州吉拉本德（Gila Bend）之间的主要地形特征。

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Mo'ochbaḍ，或桌山。科阿哈德克（Koahadk）北部，亚利桑那州卡萨格兰德（Casa Grande）西南。8号州际公路从Casa Grande向西行驶时，风景优美。彼得·克雷桑（Peter Kresan）摄影。

从北到南，常年居住的村庄包括Cheechio，Vaiva Vo'o，TaḍMemelikuḍ，Koahadk，Komalik和'Aangam。在美国地质调查局地图上，这些村庄的名称分别为Chuichu，Vaiva Vo或Cocklebur，Tat Momoli，Kohatk，North Komelik和Anegam。

Ó所述的rigin Ñ埃姆斯小号IV “O idag和ķ oahadk

现在称为Koahadk的村庄曾经被称为Siv'Oidag，Bitter Fields，因为它位于田野的上游。