How is the use of political lotteries related to party development? This article discusses the effects of a lottery-based procedure used to distribute committee appointments that was once common across legislatures in nineteenth-century Europe. The authors analyze the effects of a political lottery in budget committee selection in the French Third Republic using a microlevel data set of French deputies from 1877 to 1914. They argue that the adoption and benefit of lottery-based procedures were to prevent the capture of early institutions by party factions or groups of self-interested political elites. The authors find that partial randomization of selection resulted in the appointment of young, skilled, middle-class deputies at the expense of influential elites. When parties gained control of committee assignments in 1910, selection once again favored elites and loyal party members. The authors link lottery-based procedures to party development by showing that cohesive parties were behind the institutional reform that ultimately dismantled this selection process. Lottery-based procedures thus played a sanitizing role during the transformation of emerging parliamentary groups into unified, cohesive political parties.

中文翻译：

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弥合差距：早期议会化中基于彩票的程序

政治彩票的使用与政党发展有何关系？本文讨论了用于分配委员会任命的基于彩票的程序的影响，这种程序曾经在 19 世纪欧洲的立法机构中很常见。作者使用 1877 年至 1914 年法国代表的微观数据集分析了政治彩票在法兰西第三共和国预算委员会选举中的影响。他们认为，基于彩票的程序的采用和好处是防止早期的党派或自私的政治精英团体的机构。作者发现，选择的部分随机化导致任命了年轻、熟练的中产阶级代表，而牺牲了有影响力的精英。当政党在 1910 年获得委员会任务的控制权时，选拔再次有利于精英和忠诚的党员。作者将基于彩票的程序与政党发展联系起来，表明有凝聚力的政党是最终瓦解这一选拔过程的体制改革的幕后推手。因此，基于彩票的程序在新兴议会团体转变为统一、有凝聚力的政党期间发挥了消毒作用。