While precise point positioning ambiguity resolution (PPP AR) is a valuable tool of the multi-constellation global navigation satellite system (multi-GNSS), phase biases are critical to implement PPP AR. Multi-frequency phase biases and satellite attitude files are provided freely by Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), which are estimated based on GeoForschungs Zentrum (GFZ) satellite rapid orbit and clock products. However, the temporal characteristics of these phase biases and their positioning performance in the multi-frequency and multi-GNSS PPP AR have not been investigated yet, especially in the low sun elevation and satellite maneuver period. We introduce the transformation between multi-frequency phase biases and integer recovery clock model. In this transformation, inter-frequency clock biases (IFCBs) and inconsistencies in satellite attitude model errors between GFZ and CNES products are well considered. Experiments with GPS/Galileo/BeiDou observations from 34 stations were performed in static and kinematic modes, and the multi-frequency phase residuals were analyzed in the low sun elevation. Our results show that the impact of IFCBs and inconsistencies in satellite attitude errors could be mitigated at the user ends by using phase biases and satellite attitude files. Under the condition of satellite reverse yaw maneuvers, the performance of kinematic PPP without phase biases or deleting maneuvering satellites would be degraded significantly until the end of satellite observation arc or the next reverse yaw maneuver occurs. By applying phase biases with PPP AR, the positioning accuracy could be improved by 34.4%, 23.1%, and 37.4% in the east (E), north (N), and up (U) directions, respectively. Therefore, we suggested that PPP users should apply phase biases and satellite attitude files when using the GFZ rapid orbit and clock products, especially for satellite maneuvers and low sun elevation.

虽然精确的点定位歧义度解决方案（PPP AR）是多星座全球导航卫星系统（multi-GNSS）的宝贵工具，但相位偏差对于实现PPP AR至关重要。国家空间研究中心（CNES）免费提供多频相位偏置和卫星姿态文件，该文件是根据GeoForschungs Zentrum（GFZ）卫星快速轨道和时钟产品估算的。但是，尚未研究这些相位偏差的时间特性及其在多频和多GNSS PPP AR中的定位性能，尤其是在低太阳高度和卫星机动时期。我们介绍了多频相位偏置和整数恢复时钟模型之间的转换。在这种转变中，跨频时钟偏差（IFCB）和GFZ与CNES产品之间卫星姿态模型误差的不一致性已得到充分考虑。在静态和运动学模式下对来自34个站的GPS / Galileo / BeiDou观测进行了实验，并在低太阳高度下分析了多频相位残差。我们的结果表明，通过使用相位偏差和卫星姿态文件，可以在用户端减轻IFCB和卫星姿态误差不一致的影响。在卫星反向偏航操纵的情况下，没有相位偏差或删除机动卫星的运动学PPP性能将大大降低，直到卫星观测弧结束或下一次反向偏航操纵发生为止。通过使用PPP AR施加相位偏差，在东（E），北（N）和上（U）方向上，定位精度分别可以提高34.4％，23.1％和37.4％。因此，我们建议PPP用户在使用GFZ快速轨道和时钟产品时应应用相位偏差和卫星姿态文件，尤其是在卫星机动和低太阳高度的情况下。