Abstract This article examines themes of revolution, responsibility, and colonial suffering in José Rizal’s El Filibusterismo. The second and more confounding of Rizal’s two novels, El Filibusterismo is vague about the conditions necessary for anti-colonial revolution. The article argues that this vagueness was deliberate and that it constituted an invitation to a collective reflection on revolutionary responsibility. Using Derrida’s concept of the “aporia of responsibility,” it shows that Rizal’s novel negotiates the tension between individual accountability and collective action. In conjuring a collective impasse, Rizal left a space for the democratic nationalism that he envisioned for the Philippines.

中文翻译：

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德里达在何塞·黎刹 (José Rizal) 的 El Filibusterismo 中的“责任困境”

摘要 本文探讨了何塞·黎刹 (José Rizal) 的 El Filibusterismo 中的革命、责任和殖民苦难的主题。黎刹的两部小说中的第二部，也是更加令人困惑的一部，El Filibusterismo 对反殖民革命的必要条件含糊其辞。文章认为，这种含糊不清是故意的，它构成了对革命责任的集体反思的邀请。使用德里达的“责任困境”概念，它表明黎刹的小说协商了个人责任和集体行动之间的紧张关系。在制造集体僵局时，黎刹为他为菲律宾设想的民主民族主义留下了空间。