ABSTRACT The discussion here explores the way in which forms of ‘popular’ justice have been used either preceding or instead of formal processes of accountability and legal control, with particular reference to changes in trading practices in the later nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries. At that time economic monopolisation and entrepreneurial innovation and wealth accumulation in industrialised countries such as Britain and the United States provoked a considerable degree of popular and community protest, which tested both economic and normative argument. This protest took a number of forms, notably muckraking journalism, political cartoons, and rough music or charivari. Frequently, this protest would target leading entrepreneurial individuals of the time, such as John D Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, William Lever and William Whiteley, in turn raising questions about individual and corporate responsibility for the alleged normative violations and abuse of monopoly power. The effect and dynamic of these instances of popular justice are analysed, leading to some reflection as to whether they were characteristic of their time and how they rehearsed argument which now underpins a massive contemporary structure of formal regulation.

中文翻译：

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大众正义与贸易法规：伪装，粗俗音乐，政治漫画和企业家英雄的污辱

摘要这里的讨论探讨了在问责制和法律控制的正式程序之前或之前使用“大众”司法形式的方式，特别是在十九世纪末和二十世纪初的交易习惯变化中。当时，英国和美国等工业化国家的经济垄断，企业创新和财富积累引发了相当程度的民众抗议和社区抗议，这些抗议都考验了经济和规范论据。这次抗议采取了多种形式，特别是m亵新闻业，政治漫画，粗俗音乐或charivari。通常，这种抗议活动会针对当时的领先企业家，例如John D Rockefeller，Andrew Carnegie，William Lever和William Whiteley，反过来提出有关个人和公司对所谓的违反规范和滥用垄断权力的责任的问题。分析了这些公共司法实例的影响和动态，从而引起了对它们是否具有时代特征以及如何演说的反思，这些争论现在支撑着庞大的当代形式规制结构。