Increased production and use of plastics has resulted in growth in the amount of plastic debris accumulating in the environment, potentially fragmenting into smaller pieces. Fragments <5 mm are typically defined as microplastics, while fragments <0.1 μm are defined as nanoplastics. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have reported the occurrence and potential hazards of plastic particles in the aquatic environment. However, less is understood about plastic particles in the terrestrial environment and specifically how much plastic accumulates in soils, the possible sources, potential ecological impacts, interaction of plastic particles with the soil environment, and appropriate extraction and analytical techniques for assessing the above. In this review, a comprehensive overview and a critical perspective on the current state of knowledge on plastic pollution in the soil environment is provided: detailing known sources, occurrence and distribution, analytical techniques used for identification and quantification and the ecological impacts of particles on soil. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified along with suggestions for future research.

中文翻译：

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土壤中的塑料颗粒：有关来源，发生和分布，分析方法和生态影响的知识状态

塑料生产和使用的增加导致环境中积累的塑料碎片数量增加，有可能碎片化成较小的碎片。<5 mm的碎片通常被定义为微塑料，而<0.1μm的碎片则被定义为纳米塑料。在过去的十年中，越来越多的研究报告了塑料颗粒在水生环境中的发生和潜在危害。但是，人们对陆地环境中的塑料颗粒知之甚少，尤其是在土壤中积聚了多少塑料，可能的来源，潜在的生态影响，塑料颗粒与土壤环境的相互作用以及用于评估上述情况的适当提取和分析技术。在这篇评论中 提供了有关土壤环境中塑料污染的当前知识状况的全面概述和批判性观点：详细介绍了已知来源，发生和分布，用于鉴定和量化的分析技术以及颗粒物对土壤的生态影响。此外，还可以识别知识差距以及对未来研究的建议。