The cities of the Indus civilization were expansive and planned with large-scale architecture and sophisticated Bronze Age technologies. Despite these hallmarks of social complexity, the Indus lacks clear evidence for elaborate tombs, individual-aggrandizing monuments, large temples, and palaces. Its first excavators suggested that the Indus civilization was far more egalitarian than other early complex societies, and after nearly a century of investigation, clear evidence for a ruling class of managerial elites has yet to materialize. The conspicuous lack of political and economic inequality noted by Mohenjo-daro’s initial excavators was basically correct. This is not because the Indus civilization was not a complex society, rather, it is because there are common assumptions about distributions of wealth, hierarchies of power, specialization, and urbanism in the past that are simply incorrect. The Indus civilization reveals that a ruling class is not a prerequisite for social complexity.

中文翻译：

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杀死牧师国王：解决印度文明中的平等主义

印度河文明的城市规模宏大，并通过大规模建筑和复杂的青铜时代技术进行规划。尽管具有这些社会复杂性的标志，但印度河缺乏清晰的证据来证明精美的坟墓，个人增建的纪念碑，大型寺庙和宫殿。它的第一批挖掘机表明，印度文明比其他早期的复杂社会要平等得多，经过近一个世纪的调查，对于统治阶级的管理精英们尚未出现明确的证据。Mohenjo-daro最初的挖掘机明显缺乏政治和经济不平等现象，这基本上是正确的。这不是因为印度河文明不是一个复杂的社会，而是因为人们对财富分配，权力等级，专业化，和过去的城市主义完全是错误的。印度河文明表明，统治阶级并不是社会复杂性的前提。