The root system of potato is made up of adventitious roots (AR) that form at the base of a sprout once it emerges from the mother tuber. By definition, AR originate from dormant preformed meristems, or from cells neighboring vascular tissues in stems or leaves. This may occur as part of the developmental program of the plant (e.g., potato), or when replacing the embryonic primary roots in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, or wounding. AR formation is studied mainly in cereals and model plants, and less is known about its developmental program in root and tuber crops. In this review, we summarize the recent data on AR development in potato, and relate this knowledge to what is known from model plants. For example, AR formation following stem cutting in potato follows a pattern of initiation, expression and emergence phases that are known for other plants, and involves auxin, the master regulator of AR induction and development. Molecular regulation of AR formation and the effect of environmental stresses are discussed. Understanding the origin and nature of AR systems in important crops will contribute to increased production and improve global food security. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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作物不定根的形成——以马铃薯为例

马铃薯的根系由不定根 (AR) 组成，一旦芽从母块茎中长出，就会在芽的基部形成。根据定义，AR 源自休眠的预形成分生组织，或源自茎或叶中维管组织附近的细胞。这可能作为植物（例如马铃薯）发育程序的一部分发生，或者在响应胁迫条件（例如洪水、营养缺乏或受伤）而替换胚胎初生根时发生。AR 的形成主要在谷物和模式植物中进行研究，对其在块根作物和块茎作物中的发育程序知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近关于马铃薯 AR 发育的数据，并将这些知识与模型植物的已知知识联系起来。例如，马铃薯切茎后 AR 的形成遵循一种起始模式，其他植物已知的表达和出现阶段，涉及生长素，AR 诱导和发育的主要调节因子。讨论了 AR 形成的分子调控和环境压力的影响。了解重要作物中 AR 系统的起源和性质将有助于增加产量和改善全球粮食安全。本文受版权保护。版权所有。