COVID-19, the multifactorial disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by specific antiviral and inflammatory responses. It is now recognized that in most severe cases of COVID-19 an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response exacerbates lung damage caused by viral infection, and contributes to acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure. This hyperinflammatory syndrome is characterized by multiple cellular and molecular events, including aberrant neutrophil and lymphocyte function, amplification of the inflammatory response by release of damage associated molecular patterns, cytokine storm, lung damage and edema and a pro-fibrotic condition, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. This review discusses these molecular events in correlation with stages of viral infection and disease progression, underscoring the key points that characterize the clinical manifestations of the hyperinflammatory syndrome in COVID-19. Furthermore, it discusses the available or potential therapeutics that target various important mediators of this hyperinflammatory response that are being considered for treatment of COVID-19.

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COVID-19与高炎症综合症

由新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的多因素疾病COVID-19由特定的抗病毒和炎症反应介导。现已认识到，在最严重的COVID-19病例中，过度且不受控制的炎症反应会加剧由病毒感染引起的肺部损害，并导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征和呼吸衰竭。这种高炎症综合症的特征是多种细胞和分子事件，包括异常的中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞功能，通过释放损伤相关的分子模式，细胞因子风暴，肺损伤和水肿以及促纤维化病状而导致的炎症反应增强，最终导致呼吸道疾病。失败。这篇评论讨论了与病毒感染和疾病进展阶段相关的这些分子事件，强调了表征COVID-19中高炎症综合征临床表现的关键点。此外，它讨论了针对这种过度炎症反应的各种重要介体的可用或潜在疗法，这些疗法正在考虑用于治疗COVID-19。