Abstract Equity in public transit ridership has attracted the attention of planning authorities as a mechanism to tackle social exclusion. The association of accessibility indexing with different income groups is fundamental to analyses of socio-spatial inequalities and identifying gaps in public transit services. However, few studies have addressed accessibility inequalities in medium-sized cities of the global South. This paper aims to identify spatial gaps in public transit service in seven medium-sized Brazilian cities by analyzing the relative accessibility of public transit and private automobiles for travel to central business districts (CBDs), which are primary employment and service centers. Demographic and socioeconomic data on the seven cities were extracted from the country's 2010 population census. To measure accessibility to CBDs, a Google Maps application programming interface was used to produce realistic estimates of travel times for public transit and private automobiles over different time periods. This method is more accurate than traditional accessibility calculation methods and provides real-time information on traffic conditions, such as speed limits, traffic jams, and waiting times. The study found significant intra-regional differences in accessibility to CBDs by public transit and private automobiles, providing a scientific basis to optimize the socio-spatial distribution of public transit services in seven cities in five different regions of Brazil.

中文翻译：

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巴西城市收入加权可达性的空间差异：谷歌地图 API 的应用

摘要 公共交通乘客量的公平性作为一种解决社会排斥的机制引起了规划当局的关注。无障碍指数与不同收入群体的关联对于分析社会空间不平等和确定公共交通服务差距至关重要。然而，很少有研究解决全球南方中等城市的可达性不平等问题。本文旨在通过分析公共交通和私人汽车前往作为主要就业和服务中心的中央商务区 (CBD) 的相对可达性，确定巴西七个中等城市公共交通服务的空间差距。这七个城市的人口和社会经济数据来自该国 2010 年的人口普查。为了衡量CBD的可达性，谷歌地图应用程序编程接口用于对不同时间段的公共交通和私人汽车的旅行时间进行实际估计。这种方法比传统的可达性计算方法更准确，并提供有关交通状况的实时信息，例如限速、交通拥堵和等待时间。该研究发现，公共交通和私家车进入中央商务区的区域内存在显着差异，为优化巴西五个不同地区七个城市公共交通服务的社会空间分布提供了科学依据。这种方法比传统的可达性计算方法更准确，并提供有关交通状况的实时信息，例如限速、交通拥堵和等待时间。该研究发现，公共交通和私家车前往中央商务区的区域内存在显着差异，为优化巴西五个不同地区七个城市公共交通服务的社会空间分布提供了科学依据。这种方法比传统的可达性计算方法更准确，并提供有关交通状况的实时信息，例如限速、交通拥堵和等待时间。该研究发现，公共交通和私家车前往中央商务区的区域内存在显着差异，为优化巴西五个不同地区七个城市公共交通服务的社会空间分布提供了科学依据。