1. Various animals across the tree of life express some form of programmed dormancy (e.g. hibernation, diapause) to maximize fitness in highly seasonal environments. The integrated phenotype of animals undergoing programmed dormancy is strikingly similar among diverse groups; however, research on programmed dormancy has historically been phylogenetically siloed. A broad comparative approach could clarify new angles for answering fundamental questions about programmed dormancy evolution.
2. To advance this approach, we present a cross‐taxonomic framework describing dimensions that distinguish animal dormancies and provide a set of core traits that animals regulate as they progress through the eco‐physiological phases of deep, programmed dormancy.
3. We use this universal framework to explore the ultimate drivers and evolutionary consequences of dormancy across the tree of life. Deep, programmed dormancy appears to be a predictable and repeated adaptation to highly seasonal environments that draws on a conserved suite of ancestral traits. We highlight evidence for molecular convergence in signalling pathways coordinating environmental sensing and energy metabolism in the insect and mammal lineages, separated by 700 million years of evolution and representing independent colonizations of highly seasonal environments.
4. Lastly, we discuss the utility of this new framework and highlight opportunities and challenges for researchers to continue advancing our understanding of dormancy through a broad, comparative lens.

中文翻译：

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动物休眠的统一生态生理框架

1. 生命之树上的各种动物都表现出某种形式的程序性休眠（例如，休眠，滞育），以在高度季节性的环境中最大程度地适应。在不同群体中，经过程序性休眠的动物的综合表型非常相似。但是，有关程序休眠的研究历来是系统上孤立的。广泛的比较方法可以为回答有关程序化休眠进化的基本问题阐明新的角度。
2. 为了推进这种方法，我们提出了一个跨分类学框架，该框架描述了区分动物休眠的尺寸，并提供了动物在深度，程序性休眠的生态生理阶段发展过程中所调节的一系列核心特征。
3. 我们使用这个通用框架来探索整个生命树中休眠的最终驱动力和进化结果。深度的，有计划的休眠似乎是对高度季节性的环境的一种可预见的和反复的适应，它利用了一套保守的祖先特征。我们着重指出昆虫和哺乳动物谱系中协调环境感知和能量代谢的信号通路中分子融合的证据，相隔7亿年的进化，代表了高度季节性环境的独立殖民地。
4. 最后，我们讨论了这个新框架的作用，并着重指出了研究人员通过广泛的比较视角继续提高对休眠的理解的机会和挑战。