Understanding population genetic structure and diversity of a crop is essential in designing selection strategies in plant breeding. About 2010 Ethiopian sorghum accessions were phenotyped for different traits at multiple locations. A subset of the collection, 1628 accessions, predominantly landraces, some improved varieties, and inbred lines were genotyped by sequencing. Phenotypic data revealed association of important traits with different sorghum growing agro‐climatic regions, high genetic diversity and the presence of rare natural variation in the Ethiopian sorghum germplasm. Subsequent genotypic analysis determined optimum number of sub‐populations, distinct cluster groups and ancestries of each sorghum accessions. To improve utilization of germplasm, a core subset of 387 lines were selected following posteriori grouping of genotypes based on cluster groups obtained through GBS analysis followed by stratified random sampling using quantitative traits. In order to evaluate how well this new sorghum and millet innovation lab (SMIL) collection from Ethiopia is represented within the largest world sorghum collection at United States Department of Agriculture ‐ National Plant Germplasm System (USDA‐NPGS) and the sorghum association panel (SAP), comparisons were conducted based on SNP data. The SMIL collection displayed high genetic diversity with some redundancy with the USDA‐NPGS germplasm but SAP showed clear distinction. Furthermore, genome‐environment association analysis identified candidate genes associated with adaptation to abiotic factors, that will be important for exploitation of adaptive potential to different environments. In summary, our results described the diversity and relationship of sorghum collections, representativeness of developed core and provide novel insights into candidate genes associated to abiotic stress tolerance.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚高粱种质的全面表型和基因组学特征定义了核心种质，并揭示了适应性状的丰富遗传潜力

在设计植物育种选择策略时，了解作物的种群遗传结构和多样性至关重要。大约在2010年，埃塞俄比亚高粱品种在多个地方表现出不同的性状。通过测序对1628个种质，主要的地方品种，一些改良品种和近交系进行了基因分型。表型数据表明，埃塞俄比亚高粱种质的重要性状与不同的高粱生长农业气候区，高遗传多样性以及罕见​​的自然变异有关。随后的基因型分析确定了每个高粱种质的最佳亚群数，不同的簇群和祖先。为了提高种质的利用率，根据GBS分析获得的聚类组，对基因型进行后验分组后，选择387个品系的核心子集，然后使用定量性状进行分层随机抽样。为了评估这个来自埃塞俄比亚的新高粱和小米创新实验室（SMIL）集合在美国农业部国家植物种质系统（USDA-NPGS）和高粱协会专家组（SAP）的最大的世界高粱集合中的代表性），根据SNP数据进行比较。SMIL集合显示出很高的遗传多样性，并在USDA-NPGS种质上有一定的冗余，但SAP表现出明显的区别。此外，基因组与环境的关联分析确定了与适应非生物因子相关的候选基因，这对于开发适应不同环境的潜力将非常重要。总而言之，我们的结果描述了高粱品种的多样性和相互关系，发达核心的代表性，并为与非生物胁迫耐受性相关的候选基因提供了新颖的见解。