This article presents a simple and inexpensive method for the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) in the presence of non-toxic cochineal dye. As-synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as UV–Visible, XRD, FTIR, DLS and TEM. UV–Visible spectroscopy showed λmax for SnO2 NPs at 350 nm and it remains stable for 3 months at room temperature. The XRD result confirms the simultaneous presence of orthorhombic SnO2 (78%) and Sn (22%) nanoparticles. FTIR showed strong vibration at 543 and 598 cm−1 which corresponds to Sn–O of SnO2 NPs. The obtained TEM and DLS results stated the formation of the cube and spherical SnO2 NPs with an average diameter of about 30–50 nm. These particles do not aggregate in suspension because their outer surface is protected by an organic layer of cochineal. Approximately 83% methylene blue dye was degraded photocatalytically by SnO2 NPs within 180 min at a rate constant of 17.6001 × 10–3 min−1.

中文翻译：

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使用胭脂虫染料合成和表征二氧化锡纳米粒子

本文介绍了一种在无毒胭脂虫染料存在下合成 SnO2 纳米粒子 (SnO2 NPs) 的简单且廉价的方法。合成的纳米粒子通过各种光谱和显微技术如紫外-可见光、XRD、FTIR、DLS 和 TEM 得到证实。紫外-可见光谱显示 SnO2 NPs 在 350 nm 处的 λmax 并且在室温下保持稳定 3 个月。XRD 结果证实同时存在正交晶系 SnO2 (78%) 和 Sn (22%) 纳米粒子。FTIR 在 543 和 598 cm-1 处显示出强烈振动，这对应于 SnO2 NPs 的 Sn-O。获得的 TEM 和 DLS 结果表明形成了平均直径约为 30-50 nm 的立方体和球形 SnO2 NP。这些颗粒不会在悬浮液中聚集，因为它们的外表面受到胭脂虫有机层的保护。