Lithium metal batteries have great advantages over state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries in terms of energy density and cost, which present huge opportunities for long-range and low-cost electric vehicles in the future. However, the automotive industry has critical requirements on specific characteristics of battery cells, including but not limited to cycle life, working temperature range, fast discharge–charge capability, volume change, safety, and so on. In this Focus Review, we discuss both the cell- and system-level requirements and challenges of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries for future electrical vehicle applications and highlight some recent key progress in these aspects. Our main objective is to identify key strategies on how to solve these challenges and inspire more research and development effort to accelerate the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.

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电动汽车用高能锂金属电池的机遇与挑战

在能量密度和成本方面，锂金属电池比现有的锂离子电池具有巨大的优势，这在将来为远程和低成本电动汽车提供了巨大的机会。但是，汽车工业对电池组电池的特定特性有严格的要求，包括但不限于循环寿命，工作温度范围，快速充放电能力，体积变化，安全性等。在本《焦点回顾》中，我们讨论了高能量密度锂金属电池在未来电动汽车应用中的电池组和系统级要求以及挑战，并重点介绍了这些方面的最新进展。