Lithium metal is a promising anode to provide high energy density for next-generation batteries. However, it has not been implemented due to its low cycling efficiency, which results from the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The SEIs formed with traditional liquid electrolytes are heterogeneous and easy to crack during cycling, thus resulting in the formation of dendritic and dead Li, and further devastating the electrode performance. To solve these issues, efforts have been made to replace natural SEIs with artificial SEIs (ASEIs). Here, we discuss critical design principles of ASEIs based on the understanding of SEI failure mechanisms. Three key principles for a successful ASEI are identified: (1) mechanical stability, which can be either high strength or adaptivity, (2) spatially uniform Li⁺ transport with moderate conductivity and even single-ion conduction, and (3) chemical passivation to mitigate Li-electrolyte parasitic reactions. Selected examples of recently developed ASEIs are categorized and elaborated. Finally, future directions are given for ASEI designs.

金属锂是有希望的阳极，可为下一代电池提供高能量密度。然而，由于其循环效率低而尚未实施，这是由于形成不稳定的固体电解质中间相（SEI）所致。由传统液体电解质形成的SEI异质且在循环过程中容易破裂，从而导致形成枝状和死Li，并进一步破坏了电极性能。为了解决这些问题，已经进行了努力以人工SEI（ASEI）代替天然SEI。在这里，我们基于对SEI失效机制的理解来讨论ASEI的关键设计原理。确定成功的ASEI的三个关键原则：（1）机械稳定性，可以是高强度或适应性，（2）空间均匀的Li ⁺以中等电导率甚至单离子传导进行运输，以及（3）化学钝化以减轻锂电解质的寄生反应。对最近开发的ASEI的精选示例进行了分类和阐述。最后，给出了ASEI设计的未来方向。