The long-standing popularity of thermoelectric materials has contributed to the creation of various thermoelectric devices and stimulated the development of strategies to improve their thermoelectric performance. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art strategies for the realization of high-performance thermoelectric materials and devices by establishing the links between synthesis, structural characteristics, properties, underlying chemistry and physics, including structural design (point defects, dislocations, interfaces, inclusions, and pores), multidimensional design (quantum dots/wires, nanoparticles, nanowires, nano- or microbelts, few-layered nanosheets, nano- or microplates, thin films, single crystals, and polycrystalline bulks), and advanced device design (thermoelectric modules, miniature generators and coolers, and flexible thermoelectric generators). The outline of each strategy starts with a concise presentation of their fundamentals and carefully selected examples. In the end, we point out the controversies, challenges, and outlooks toward the future development of thermoelectric materials and devices. Overall, this review will serve to help materials scientists, chemists, and physicists, particularly students and young researchers, in selecting suitable strategies for the improvement of thermoelectrics and potentially other relevant energy conversion technologies.

中文翻译：

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先进的热电设计：从材料和结构到设备。

热电材料的长期流行促进了各种热电装置的产生，并刺激了改善其热电性能的策略的发展。在这篇综述中，我们旨在通过建立合成，结构特征，特性，基础化学和物理之间的联系，包括结构设计，来全面总结实现高性能热电材料和器件的最新战略。点缺陷，位错，界面，夹杂物和孔），多维设计（量子点/线，纳米粒子，纳米线，纳米带或微带，很少层的纳米片，纳米或微板，薄膜，单晶和多晶体）以及先进的设备设计（热电模块，小型发电机和冷却器以及柔性热电发电机）。每种策略的概述都从其基本原理的简要介绍和精心选择的示例开始。最后，我们指出了热电材料和器件未来发展的争议，挑战和前景。总的来说，这篇综述将帮助材料科学家，化学家和物理学家，特别是学生和年轻的研究人员，选择合适的策略来改善热电学和潜在的其他相关的能量转换技术。以及对热电材料和设备未来发展的展望。总的来说，这篇综述将帮助材料科学家，化学家和物理学家，特别是学生和年轻的研究人员，选择合适的策略来改善热电学和潜在的其他相关的能量转换技术。以及对热电材料和设备未来发展的展望。总的来说，这篇综述将帮助材料科学家，化学家和物理学家，特别是学生和年轻的研究人员，选择合适的策略来改善热电学和潜在的其他相关的能量转换技术。