Abstract Decohesion of building materials caused by weathering translates into the need for recurrent interventions with consolidating treatments that often turn out useless for desired long-term consolidation owing to their poor in-depth penetration. Due to this, it is important to develop new products that allow evaluating their penetration in situ. In this work, three commercial consolidants (Estel 1200®, NanoEstel® and Nanorestore®) widely used in stone conservation were compared with a new consolidant nanocomposite (Nanorepair UV). This nanocomposite, which consists of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles doped with zinc oxide quantum dots, allows both consolidation and in situ evaluation of the penetration depth of the treatment, a key variable to assess effectiveness when an in-depth consolidation is required. The treatments were assayed on limestones from two quarries widely used in the construction of monuments in southern Spain. The development of new products devoted to our Cultural Heritage entails specific requirements such as effectiveness, durability and compatibility with the original materials without changing their aesthetic features. The compatibility was studied by colorimetric methods and SEM images to detect the formation of surface layers. The effectiveness of the treatments was quantified by both peeling test and ultrasound propagation speed. Finally, the durability was studied by an accelerated weathering test induced by salt crystallization. The results showed that nanolimes had higher effectiveness and better durability than silica treatments as consolidants for limestones. In addition, Nanorepair UV provided an additional functionality since it allowed measuring the treatment penetration depth in a simple and economical way, by means of ultraviolet illumination, while allowed to distinguish treated areas from untreated ones.

中文翻译：

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掺杂 ZnO 量子点的新型纳米石灰与常用固结剂在历史碳酸盐石材建筑中的性能比较

摘要 由风化引起的建筑材料的脱粘转化为需要反复进行固结处理的干预，由于其深度渗透性差，这些处理通常对所需的长期固结无用。因此，开发允许原位评估其渗透的新产品非常重要。在这项工作中，将广泛用于石材保护的三种商业固结剂（Estel 1200®、NanoEstel® 和 Nanorestore®）与一种新型固结剂纳米复合材料（Nanorepair UV）进行了比较。这种纳米复合材料由掺杂有氧化锌量子点的氢氧化钙纳米颗粒组成，允许固结和原位评估处理的渗透深度，这是在需要深度固结时评估有效性的关键变量。这些处理是在西班牙南部广泛用于建造纪念碑的两个采石场的石灰石上进行的。致力于我们文化遗产的新产品的开发需要特定的要求，例如有效性、耐用性和与原始材料的兼容性，同时不改变其美学特征。通过比色法和SEM图像研究相容性以检测表面层的形成。通过剥离测试和超声传播速度来量化处理的有效性。最后，通过盐结晶诱导的加速老化试验研究了耐久性。结果表明，纳米石灰作为石灰石的固结剂比二氧化硅处理具有更高的有效性和更好的耐久性。此外，