This paper focuses on a low-complexity one-dimensional (1D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) algorithm with an arbitrary cross-linear array. This algorithm is highly accurate without the performance error usually caused by the uncertainty factor of the wave velocity in the underwater environment. The geometric relationship between two crossed linear arrays is employed to derive the expression of DOA estimation with the finding that this algorithm is capable of excluding the wave velocity variable in the DOA estimation expression. A method without parameter pairing is also proposed to reduce the complexity of this algorithm. Additionally, the influence of wave velocity is analyzed in terms of RMSE_c and the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for 1D DOA with the arbitrary cross-linear array is established. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance than the traditional algorithm under the condition of an inaccurate estimate of wave velocity. Compared with the velocity-independent DOA algorithm, it exhibits the feature of low complexity.

本文重点研究具有任意交叉线性数组的低复杂度一维（1D）到达方向（DOA）算法。该算法精确度高，不会出现通常由水下环境中波速的不确定性因素引起的性能误差。利用两个交叉线性阵列之间的几何关系来得出DOA估计的表达式，发现该算法能够在DOA估计表达式中排除波速变量。还提出了一种不带参数配对的方法来降低该算法的复杂度。此外，根据R M S E _c分析了波速的影响并建立了具有任意交叉线性阵列的一维DOA的Cramer-Rao界（CRB）。仿真结果表明，在估计波速不正确的情况下，该算法可以取得比传统算法更好的性能。与速度无关的DOA算法相比，它具有复杂度低的特点。