The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant.,Cell

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The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant.
Cell ( IF 64.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.024
Lily Agranat-Tamir ₁ , Shamam Waldman ₂ , Mario A S Martin ₃ , David Gokhman ₄ , Nadav Mishol ₄ , Tzilla Eshel ₅ , Olivia Cheronet ₆ , Nadin Rohland ₇ , Swapan Mallick ₈ , Nicole Adamski ₉ , Ann Marie Lawson ₉ , Matthew Mah ₁₀ , Megan Michel ₉ , Jonas Oppenheimer ₉ , Kristin Stewardson ₉ , Francesca Candilio ₁₁ , Denise Keating ₁₂ , Beatriz Gamarra ₁₃ , Shay Tzur ₂ , Mario Novak ₁₄ , Rachel Kalisher ₁₅ , Shlomit Bechar ₁₆ , Vered Eshed ₁₇ , Douglas J Kennett ₁₈ , Marina Faerman ₁₉ , Naama Yahalom-Mack ₁₆ , Janet M Monge ₂₀ , Yehuda Govrin ₂₁ , Yigal Erel ₅ , Benjamin Yakir ₂₂ , Ron Pinhasi ₆ , Shai Carmi ₂ , Israel Finkelstein ₃ , Liran Carmel ₄ , David Reich ₈

Affiliation

Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Department of Statistics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Soprintendenza ABAP per la città metropolitana di Cagliari e le province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy.
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Àrea de Prehistòria, Tarragona, Spain.
Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia.
Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
Israel Antiquities Authority, P.O.B 586, Jerusalem 91004, Israel.
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Ancient DNA, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
The Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology, Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem 9410125, Israel.
Department of Statistics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.

We report genome-wide DNA data for 73 individuals from five archaeological sites across the Bronze and Iron Ages Southern Levant. These individuals, who share the “Canaanite” material culture, can be modeled as descending from two sources: (1) earlier local Neolithic populations and (2) populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros or the Bronze Age Caucasus. The non-local contribution increased over time, as evinced by three outliers who can be modeled as descendants of recent migrants. We show evidence that different “Canaanite” groups genetically resemble each other more than other populations. We find that Levant-related modern populations typically have substantial ancestry coming from populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros and the Bronze Age Southern Levant. These groups also harbor ancestry from sources we cannot fully model with the available data, highlighting the critical role of post-Bronze-Age migrations into the region over the past 3,000 years.

中文翻译：

青铜时代南黎凡特的基因组史。

我们报告了来自青铜器和铁器时代南黎凡特五个考古遗址的 73 个人的全基因组 DNA 数据。这些共享“迦南”物质文化的个体可以被建模为来自两个来源：（1）早期当地新石器时代人口和（2）与铜石时代扎格罗斯或青铜时代高加索相关的人口。非本地贡献随着时间的推移而增加，正如三个异常值所证明的那样，他们可以被建模为最近移民的后代。我们展示的证据表明，不同的“迦南人”群体在基因上比其他人群更相似。我们发现与黎凡特相关的现代人口通常有大量祖先来自与铜石时代扎格罗斯和青铜时代南黎凡特相关的人口。

更新日期：2020-05-28

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