Abstract The photovoltaic module temperature depends on many parameters and becomes an important parameter from the system efficiency point of view. For this reason, in this research, a comprehensive analysis of the photovoltaic modules has been done using in-situ experimental measurement and computer simulation. The objective of the current work is to model the fluid flow and heat transfer from a photovoltaic module, by means of three-dimensional numerical simulation to determine the module temperature. The photovoltaic module with the variable inclination was subjected to variable environmental and operating conditions. The results of the analysis show that module temperature isn’t only ambient temperature and solar radiation dependent like what is taken into account by many models but also depends on wind speed and wind direction. It has been found that the mounting conditions which are not taken into consideration by most of the literature models, play an important role and only this fact may introduce an additional increase in module temperature about 10–15 °C and may decrease module efficiency more them 4-6.5%. The results that were obtained enable the development of a model for the photovoltaic module temperature caused by the environmental conditions as well as mounting conditions.

中文翻译：

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不同环境条件下光伏组件温度的实验和数值研究

摘要 光伏组件温度取决于很多参数，从系统效率的角度来看，它成为一个重要的参数。为此，在本研究中，使用原位实验测量和计算机模拟对光伏组件进行了综合分析。当前工作的目标是通过三维数值模拟来模拟来自光伏模块的流体流动和热传递，以确定模块温度。具有可变倾角的光伏模块受到可变环境和操作条件的影响。分析结果表明，模块温度不仅像许多模型所考虑的那样依赖环境温度和太阳辐射，还依赖于风速和风向。已经发现，大多数文献模型未考虑的安装条件起着重要作用，只有这一事实可能会导致模块温度额外增加约 10-15 °C，并可能进一步降低模块效率4-6.5%。获得的结果能够开发由环境条件和安装条件引起的光伏模块温度模型。