Abstract In cold regions, safe operation of inverted siphons might be threatened if incoming floating ice floes accumulate upstream of the inlet. An experimental study is conducted using real ice particles to simulate the ice accumulation phenomenon. The main objective is to gain a better understanding of the ice accumulation characteristics and the resultant impacts on the flow hydraulics in the upstream channel. The thickness of the ice particles accumulation is measured under different flow conditions. The velocity profiles beneath the accumulated ice particles are also measured and analyzed theoretically to calculate the hydraulic resistance. From the sensitivity analysis, it is found that a good prediction of under-ice depth could be made based on the average values of the ice-affected resistance coefficients. Subsequently, by combining the experimental results with hydraulic calculations, some expressions are derived to calculate the variations of ice-affected hydraulic parameters comparing to that of open-water conditions. From the present study, it is noted that ice accumulation leads to excess headwater that interferes with proper functioning of inverted siphons while causing operational issues by inundating the upstream structures. It is urgently needed to consider ice accumulation impacts in the design of inverted siphons.

中文翻译：

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倒虹吸管上游渠道水力学实际积冰实验研究

摘要 在寒冷地区，如果流入的浮冰积聚在入口上游，倒虹吸管的安全运行可能会受到威胁。使用真实冰粒进行实验研究以模拟积冰现象。主要目标是更好地了解积冰特性及其对上游通道中流动水力学的影响。在不同的流动条件下测量冰粒堆积的厚度。还测量和分析了积聚冰粒下方的速度剖面，以计算水力阻力。从敏感性分析中发现，基于冰影响阻力系数的平均值可以很好地预测冰下深度。随后，通过将实验结果与水力计算相结合，推导出了一些表达式来计算冰影响水力参数与开放水域条件相比的变化。从目前的研究中可以看出，积冰会导致水源过多，从而干扰倒虹吸管的正常运行，同时通过淹没上游结构导致操作问题。在倒虹吸管的设计中迫切需要考虑积冰的影响。值得注意的是，积冰会导致水源过多，从而干扰倒虹吸管的正常运行，同时淹没上游结构，从而导致操作问题。在倒虹吸管的设计中迫切需要考虑积冰的影响。值得注意的是，积冰会导致水源过多，从而干扰倒虹吸管的正常运行，同时淹没上游结构，从而导致操作问题。在倒虹吸管的设计中迫切需要考虑积冰的影响。