Qaroun and Wadi El-Rayan lakes are exposed to a huge amount of discharges from different sources and numerous anthropogenic activities. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the impacts of metal pollution on two wild fish species; Tilapia zillii and Mugil cephalus collected from lake Qaroun (eastern and western parts) and Wadi El-Rayan lakes (upper and lower lakes). Accumulation of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in water, sediment, and five vital tissues as well as metal pollution index (MPI), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) were integrated as metal pollution biomarkers. Generally, these integrated endpoints had the same trend and indicated that the eastern part of lake Qaroun was the most polluted site followed by the lower lake of Wadi El-Rayan. To assess the environmental genotoxicity, the percentage DNA damage in different tissues of both fish species was estimated using the comet assay technique. The percentage of DNA damages showed tissue-, species- and site-specification. Hazard index (HI) has been used as an evaluation index for human health associated with fish consumption at the studied sites. This index showed that all metals were in the safe limits at normal consumption levels while adverse health effects are expected to occur at the subsistence consumption level. The safe HI for each metal at normal consumption level does not neglect that the combined cumulative risk impact of all metals is a sign of warning and the health of fish consumers nearby contaminated sites is threatened.

中文翻译：

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使用综合生物标记物评估金属污染对居住在埃及Qaroun和Wadi El-Rayan湖中的罗非鱼和Mugil cephalus的影响。

Qaroun和Wadi El-Rayan湖泊暴露于来自不同来源的大量排放物和众多人为活动。因此，目前的工作旨在评估金属污染对两种野生鱼类的影响。从Qaroun湖（东部和西部）和Wadi El-Rayan湖（上部和下部湖）收集的罗非鱼和Mugil cephalus。水，沉积物和五个重要组织中金属（铜，锌，镉和铅）的积累以及金属污染指数（MPI），污染因子（CF）和污染负荷指数（PLI）被整合为金属污染生物标志物。通常，这些整合的终点具有相同的趋势，表明Qaroun湖的东部是污染最严重的地点，其次是Wadi El-Rayan的下湖。为了评估环境遗传毒性，使用彗星分析技术估算了两种鱼类不同组织中DNA损伤的百分比。DNA损伤的百分比显示出组织，物种和位点特异性。在研究地点，危害指数（HI）已被用作与鱼类消费相关的人类健康评估指标。该指数表明，在正常消费水平下，所有金属均处于安全限度内，而在低消费水平下，预计会对健康造成不利影响。正常消费水平下每种金属的安全HI不能忽略所有金属的综合累积风险影响是一种警告信号，并且受污染地点附近的鱼类消费者的健康受到威胁。物种和地点规范。在研究地点，危害指数（HI）已被用作与鱼类消费相关的人类健康评估指标。该指数表明，在正常消费水平下，所有金属均处于安全限度内，而在低消费水平下，预计会对健康造成不利影响。正常消费水平下每种金属的安全HI不能忽略所有金属的综合累积风险影响是一种警告信号，并且受污染地点附近的鱼类消费者的健康受到威胁。物种和地点规范。在研究地点，危害指数（HI）已被用作与鱼类消费相关的人类健康评估指标。该指数表明，在正常消费水平下，所有金属均处于安全限度内，而在低消费水平下，预计会对健康造成不利影响。正常消费水平下每种金属的安全HI不能忽略所有金属的综合累积风险影响是一种警告信号，并且受污染地点附近的鱼类消费者的健康受到威胁。该指数表明，在正常消费水平下，所有金属均处于安全限度内，而在低消费水平下，预计会对健康造成不利影响。正常消费水平下每种金属的安全HI不能忽略所有金属的综合累积风险影响是一种警告信号，并且受污染地点附近的鱼类消费者的健康受到威胁。该指数表明，在正常消费水平下，所有金属均处于安全限度内，而在低消费水平下，预计会对健康造成不利影响。正常消费水平下每种金属的安全HI不能忽略所有金属的综合累积风险影响是一种警告信号，并且受污染地点附近的鱼类消费者的健康受到威胁。