The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行已影响到全世界数百万人，引发了科学界前所未有的努力，以了解 COVID19 病理生理学的生物学基础。在这篇综述中，我们总结了对 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的先天性和适应性免疫反应以及可能导致疾病严重程度和死亡的免疫途径的了解现状。我们还讨论了当前治疗策略的基本原理和临床结果以及预防或治疗 SARS-CoV-2 感染的前瞻性临床试验。