Abstract A detailed study was conducted on seven different waxes used in hot melt adhesive formulations together with conventional resins and tackifiers, to characterize the waxes and investigate the effects of wax structure and morphology on the thermal behaviour and basic properties of the resultant hot melt adhesive formulations (HMAs). The waxes selected included representatives of each of the following types: Fischer-Tropsch wax (FT), fully refined paraffin wax (FRP), by-product polyethylene wax (BPPE), microcrystalline wax (microwax), alpha-olefin wax (AO), carnauba wax and first intention polyethylene wax (FIPE). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used as analytical tools to characterize the waxes. Molecular chain architecture as determined by solution 13C NMR highlighted the superior chain linearity of FT wax. Methyl, ethyl and butyl short chain branching were detected in other waxes. Solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR provided information on the semi-crystalline nature of the waxes. FIPE, AO and Microwax showed significant structural mobility at room temperature as observed by 1H Wideline NMR and was attributed to chain branching and mobile crystalline domains respectively. This was supported by CLSM micrographs. All waxes enhanced crystallinity in both metallocene catalysed polyethylene (mPE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) based HMAs. This was confirmed by the characteristic splitting in FTIR bands and increased DSC enthalpies observed for the HMA relative to the neat polymers. Of the formulations containing high melting waxes, FT wax resulted in HMAs with narrower crystallization profiles, an important factor in determining HMA set times. HMA viscosities were found to be dependent on the molecular weight of the wax while the HMA melting temperatures and enthalpies were more dependent on the crystalline morphology of the waxes.

中文翻译：

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蜡的结构-性能关系及其如何影响热熔胶性能的综合研究

摘要 对热熔胶配方中使用的七种不同蜡以及常规树脂和增粘剂进行了详细研究，以表征蜡并研究蜡的结构和形态对所得热熔胶配方的热行为和基本性能的影响。 (HMAs)。所选蜡包括以下每种类型的代表：费托蜡 (FT)、全精制石蜡 (FRP)、副产品聚乙烯蜡 (BPPE)、微晶蜡 (microwax)、α-烯烃蜡 (AO) 、巴西棕榈蜡和第一意向聚乙烯蜡 (FIPE)。傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、差示扫描量热法 (DSC)、高温尺寸排阻色谱 (HT-SEC)、核磁共振光谱 (NMR) 和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜 (CLSM) 被用作分析工具来表征蜡。由溶液 13C NMR 确定的分子链结构突出了 FT 蜡的优异链线性。在其他蜡中检测到甲基、乙基和丁基短链支化。固态 13C CP-MAS NMR 提供了有关蜡的半结晶性质的信息。FIPE、AO 和 Microwax 在室温下显示出显着的结构迁移率，如 1H Wideline NMR 所观察到的，分别归因于链支化和流动结晶域。这得到了 CLSM 显微照片的支持。所有蜡都提高了茂金属催化聚乙烯 (mPE) 和基于乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯 (EVA) 的 HMA 的结晶度。这通过 FTIR 波段的特征分裂和 HMA 相对于纯聚合物观察到的 DSC 焓增加而得到证实。在含有高熔点蜡的配方中，FT 蜡导致 HMAs 具有更窄的结晶分布，这是决定 HMA 凝固时间的一个重要因素。发现 HMA 粘度取决于蜡的分子量，而 HMA 熔化温度和焓更多地取决于蜡的结晶形态。