A systematic design idea for liquid-filled cylindrical zoom lenses with ideal imaging quality over a wide focal length range is introduced in detail. The PWC method is used to calculate the initial structure parameters of the zoom lenses, and the optical design software ZEMAX is used to eliminate the spherical aberration at different focal lengths. Lenses named SLCL-Doublet are finally designed, which are formed by a symmetric liquid-core cylindrical lens (SLCL) filled with variable refractive index (RI) liquid and a doublet cylindrical lens capable of significantly weakening the spherical aberration. The focal length of the SLCL-Doublet continuously decreases from 101.406 mm to 54.162 mm as the liquid RI changes from 1.3300 to 1.5000. Calculated over 75% of the full aperture, the root mean square (RMS) spot radius of the SLCL-Doublet is always less than 7 µm over the whole focal length range, and the peak-to-valley wavefront error remains below the λ/4 limit when the focal length ranges from 62.373 mm to 65.814 mm, within which the lenses approach the diffraction limit, demonstrating improvement in the optical performance over that of previously designed liquid-core cylindrical lenses. The sources of potential fabrication and installation errors in the practical implementation of the SLCL-Doublet are also analyzed in detail. The SLCL-Doublet is demonstrated to be characterized by high imaging quality and easy installation, which enriches the types of core optical element for measuring the liquid RI and liquid diffusion coefficient and provides guarantee for improving the measurement accuracy.

中文翻译：

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基于ZEMAX的宽焦距范围内无球面像差液体填充柱面变焦镜头的设计

详细介绍了在宽焦距范围内具有理想成像质量的液体填充式圆柱变焦镜头的系统设计思想。PWC方法用于计算变焦镜头的初始结构参数，光学设计软件ZEMAX用于消除不同焦距下的球差。最后设计了名为SLCL-Doublet的透镜，该透镜由填充有可变折射率（RI）液体的对称液芯圆柱透镜（SLCL）和能够显着减弱球面像差的doublet圆柱透镜形成。随着液体RI从1.3300变为1.5000，SLCL-Doublet的焦距从101.406 mm连续减小至54.162 mm。计算出全光圈的75％以上，当焦距在62.373 mm至65.814 mm范围内时，λ / 4极限，在该极限范围内，透镜接近衍射极限，这表明光学性能比以前设计的液芯圆柱透镜更好。还详细分析了SLCL-Doublet实际实施中潜在的制造和安装错误的来源。SLCL-Doublet具有高成像质量和易于安装的特点，丰富了用于测量液体RI和液体扩散系数的核心光学元件的类型，并为提高测量精度提供了保证。