Atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) is a chronic process, with a progressive course over many years, but it can cause acute clinical events, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. In addition to a series of typical risk factors for atherosclerosis, like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity, emerging evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, suggesting that chronic infection plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most characteristic members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which play an important role in innate immune mechanism. TLRs play different roles in different stages of infection of atherosclerosis-related pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, activation of TLR2 and 4 seems to have a profound impact on infection-related atherosclerosis. This article reviews the role of TLRs in the process of atherosclerosis after C. pneumoniae and other infections and the current status of treatment, with a view to providing a new direction and potential therapeutic targets for the study of ASVD.

中文翻译：

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感染和动脉粥样硬化：TLR依赖性途径。

动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病（ASVD）是一个慢性过程，经过多年的发展，但会引起急性临床事件，包括急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS），心肌梗塞（MI）和中风。除了高脂血症，高血压，吸烟和肥胖等一系列动脉粥样硬化的典型危险因素外，新出现的证据表明动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病，这表明慢性感染在动脉粥样硬化的发展中起着重要作用。Toll样受体（TLR）是模式识别受体（PRR）的最典型成员，在先天免疫机制中起重要作用。TLR在与动脉粥样硬化相关的病原体（如肺炎衣原体（C. pneumoniae），牙周病原体包括牙龈卟啉单胞菌（P. gingivalis），幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）和人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。总体而言，TLR2和4的激活似乎对感染相关的动脉粥样硬化具有深远的影响。本文综述了TLR在肺炎衣原体和其他感染后的动脉粥样硬化过程中的作用以及目前的治疗状态，以期为ASVD研究提供新的方向和潜在的治疗靶标。