In this work, uniform carbon nanodots (HNCDs) that inherit the single atomic Fe-N4 center of hemin while creating sp2-hybridized carbon surroundings were created by solvothermal treatment of hemin. HNCDs synergistically modulated the energy level and electron transfer for converting the type II photodynamic process to type I. Subsequently, HNCDs were hybridized with BSA (HB) to improve the biocompatibility. HB nanoparticles, with their potent type-I activity, significantly induced tumor pyroptosis via the caspase-3/GSDME pathway and evoked strong antitumor immune response even under hypoxic environment, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in EMT-6 tumor-bearing mice. Thus, this work illuminates an alternative insight into the type I PDT process for biomedicine. This work was mainly carried out by PhD student Wenshuai Li.