Our group is dedicated to understanding the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions by harnessing the power of mass spectrometry. We identified several novel post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphocholination (Nature 2011), ubiquitination independent of E1 and E2 (Nature 2016), ADP-riboxanation (Nature 2021; Cell Rep 2024) and phosphoryl-AMPylation (Nature 2024). Recently we revealed how cytosolic bacteria evade cell-automonous immunity via multiple PTMs (Nat Commun 2024, 2025).