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Polymer Vesicles and Lipid Nanoparticles Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Yingtong Luo, Alexander B. Cook, Loai K.E.A. Abdelmohsen, Jan C.M. van Hest
Polymer vesicles and lipid nanoparticles are supramolecular structures with similar physicochemical properties that are self-assembled from different amphiphilic molecules. Because of their efficient drug encapsulation capability, they are good candidates for drug delivery systems. In recent years, nanoparticles with different compositions, sizes, and morphologies have been applied to the delivery
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Self-Immolative Polymers: From Synthesis to Applications Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Jue Gong, Burak Tavsanli, Elizabeth R. Gillies
Polymers undergoing controlled degradation are of significant current interest. Among the classes of degradable polymers, self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are attracting increasing attention due to their ability to completely depolymerize from end to end following the cleavage of their endcap or backbone. Their amplified responses to stimuli, along with their ability to readily tune the stimulus to
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Hydrous Transition Metal Oxides for Electrochemical Energy and Environmental Applications Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-03 James B. Mitchell, Matthew Chagnot, Veronica Augustyn
Hydrous transition metal oxides (TMOs) are redox-active materials that confine structural water within their bulk, organized in 1D, 2D, or 3D networks. In an electrochemical cell, hydrous TMOs can interact with electrolyte species not only via their outer surface but also via their hydrous inner surface, which can transport electrolyte species to the interior of the material. Many TMOs operating in
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Insights into Plastic Localization by Crystallographic Slip from Emerging Experimental and Numerical Approaches Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-03 J.C. Stinville, M.A. Charpagne, R. Maaß, H. Proudhon, W. Ludwig, P.G. Callahan, F. Wang, I.J. Beyerlein, M.P. Echlin, T.M. Pollock
Advanced experimental and numerical approaches are being developed to capture the localization of plasticity at the nanometer scale as a function of the multiscale and heterogeneous microstructure present in metallic materials. These innovative approaches promise new avenues to understand microstructural effects on mechanical properties, accelerate alloy design, and enable more accurate mechanical
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Design Principles for Noncentrosymmetric Materials Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-03 Xudong Huai, Thao T. Tran
Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) materials feature an exciting array of functionalities such as nonlinear optical (NLO) responses and topological spin textures (skyrmions). While NLO materials and magnetic skyrmions display two different sets of physical properties, their design strategies are deeply connected in terms of atomic-scale precision, structural customization, and electronic tunability. Despite
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Engineered Wood: Sustainable Technologies and Applications Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-03 Shuaiming He, Xinpeng Zhao, Emily Q. Wang, Grace S. Chen, Po-Yen Chen, Liangbing Hu
Natural wood has been used for construction, fuel, and furniture for thousands of years because of its versatility, renewability, and aesthetic appeal. However, new opportunities for wood are arising as researchers have developed ways to tune the material's optical, thermal, mechanical, and ionic transport properties by chemically and physically modifying wood's naturally porous structure and chemical
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Dynamic In Situ Microscopy in Single-Atom Catalysis: Advancing the Frontiers of Chemical Research Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Pratibha L. Gai, Edward D. Boyes
Most heterogeneous catalytic processes occur between combinations of gases, liquids, and solids at elevated temperatures. They play a critical role for society in energy production, health care, a cleaner environment, industrial products, food, fuel cells, battery technologies, and photocatalysis. Dynamic gas–solid catalyst reactions take place at the atomic level, with active catalyst structures forming
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Extreme Abnormal Grain Growth: Connecting Mechanisms to Microstructural Outcomes Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Carl E. Krill, Elizabeth A. Holm, Jules M. Dake, Ryan Cohn, Karolína Holíková, Fabian Andorfer
If variety is the spice of life, then abnormal grain growth (AGG) may be the materials processing equivalent of sriracha sauce. Abnormally growing grains can be prismatic, dendritic, or practically any shape in between. When they grow at least an order of magnitude larger than their neighbors in the matrix—a state we call extreme AGG—we can examine the abnormal/matrix interface for clues to the underlying
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Electrically Controllable Materials for Soft, Bioinspired Machines Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Alexander L. Evenchik, Alexander Q. Kane, EunBi Oh, Ryan L. Truby
Soft robotics aims to close the performance gap between built and biological machines through materials design. Soft robots are constructed from soft, actuatable materials to be physically intelligent, or to have traits that living organisms possess such as passive adaptability and morphological computation through their compliant, deformable bodies. However, materials selection for physical intelligence
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Representations of Materials for Machine Learning Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 James Damewood, Jessica Karaguesian, Jaclyn R. Lunger, Aik Rui Tan, Mingrou Xie, Jiayu Peng, Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
High-throughput data generation methods and machine learning (ML) algorithms have given rise to a new era of computational materials science by learning the relations between composition, structure, and properties and by exploiting such relations for design. However, to build these connections, materials data must be translated into a numerical form, called a representation, that can be processed by
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Quantitative Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Science: Imaging, Diffraction, Spectroscopy, and Tomography Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Colin Ophus
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is one of the most powerful characterization tools in materials science research. Due to instrumentation developments such as highly coherent electron sources, aberration correctors, and direct electron detectors, STEM experiments can examine the structure and properties of materials at length scales of functional devices and materials down to single
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Ionic Gating for Tuning Electronic and Magnetic Properties Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Yicheng Guan, Hyeon Han, Fan Li, Guanmin Li, Stuart S.P. Parkin
The energy-efficient manipulation of the properties of functional materials is of great interest from both a scientific and an applied perspective. The application of electric fields is one of the most widely used methods to induce significant changes in the properties of materials, such as their structural, transport, magnetic, and optical properties. This article presents an overview of recent research
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Polar Metals: Principles and Prospects Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-05 Sayantika Bhowal, Nicola A. Spaldin
We review the class of materials known as polar metals, in which polarity and metallicity coexist in the same phase. While the notion of polar metals was first invoked more than 50 years ago, their practical realization has proved challenging since the itinerant carriers required for metallicity tend to screen any polarization. Huge progress has been made in the last decade, with many mechanisms for
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Progress in Sustainable Polymers from Biological Matter Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Ian R. Campbell, Meng-Yen Lin, Hareesh Iyer, Mallory Parker, Jeremy L. Fredricks, Kuotian Liao, Andrew M. Jimenez, Paul Grandgeorge, Eleftheria Roumeli
The increasing consumption of nonrenewable materials urgently calls for the design and fabrication of sustainable alternatives. New generations of materials should be derived from renewable sources, processed using environmentally friendly methods, and designed considering their full life cycle, especially their end-of-life fate. Here, we review recent advances in developing sustainable polymers from
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Low-Dimensional and Confined Ice Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Bowen Cui, Peizhen Xu, Xiangzheng Li, Kailong Fan, Xin Guo, Limin Tong
Owing to its unique structure, morphology, and crystal quality, low-dimensional (L-D) ice has attracted increasing attention in recent years. With a size (at least in one dimension) between that of a single water molecule and a snowflake, L-D ice does not only appear as an intermediate state during the dimensional change but can also manifest extraordinary characteristics, from its molecular structures
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The Versatility of Piezoelectric Composites Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-21 Peter Kabakov, Taeyang Kim, Zhenxiang Cheng, Xiaoning Jiang, Shujun Zhang
Piezoelectric materials possess the capability to interchangeably convert electrical energy into a mechanical response. While current piezoelectric materials exhibit strong properties, known limitations have inhibited further development. This review describes the ability to combine different piezoelectric materials into a composite to create well-rounded properties. The different types of connectivity
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Tailor-Made Additives for Melt-Grown Molecular Crystals: Why or Why Not? Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Hengyu Zhou, Julia Sabino, Yongfan Yang, Michael D. Ward, Alexander G. Shtukenberg, Bart Kahr
Tailor-made additives (TMAs) have found a role in crystal morphology engineering and control by specific binding to crystal surfaces through stereo-chemical recognition. The utility of TMAs, however, has been largely limited to crystal growth from solutions. In this review, we illustrate examples where TMAs have been used to influence the growth of crystals during cooling of their melts. In solution
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Grain Boundary Migration in Polycrystals Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Gregory S. Rohrer, Ian Chesser, Amanda R. Krause, S. Kiana Naghibzadeh, Zipeng Xu, Kaushik Dayal, Elizabeth A. Holm
Grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials migrate to reduce the total excess energy. It has recently been found that the factors governing migration rates of boundaries in bicrystals are insufficient to explain boundary migration in polycrystals. We first review our current understanding of the atomistic mechanisms of grain boundary migration based on simulations and high-resolution transmission
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Mechanical Properties of Metal Nanolaminates Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Irene J. Beyerlein, Zezhou Li, Nathan A. Mara
This article reviews recent basic research on two categories of metal-based nanolaminates: those composed of metal/metal constituents and those composed of metal/ceramic constituents. We focus primarily on studies that aim to understand—via experiments, modeling, or both—the biphase interface structure and its role in changing the mechanisms that govern strength and deformability at a fundamental level
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Hybrid Improper Ferroelectricity: A Theoretical, Computational, and Synthetic Perspective Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Nicole A. Benedek, Michael A. Hayward
We review the theoretical, computational, and synthetic literature on hybrid improper ferroelectricity in layered perovskite oxides. Different ferroelectric mechanisms are described and compared, and their elucidation using theory and first-principles calculations is discussed. We also highlight the connections between crystal chemistry and the physical mechanisms of ferroelectricity. The experimental
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Innovations Toward the Valorization of Plastics Waste Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Zachary R. Hinton, Michael R. Talley, Pavel A. Kots, Anne V. Le, Tan Zhang, Michael E. Mackay, Aditya M. Kunjapur, Peng Bai, Dionisios G. Vlachos, Mary P. Watson, Michael C. Berg, Thomas H. Epps,, LaShanda T.J. Korley
Plastics are an extremely important class of materials that are prevalent in all facets of society; however, their widespread use over time, combined with limited end-of-life strategies, has led to increasing levels of waste accumulation. Although currently considered a burden, plastics waste is potentially an untapped feedstock for numerous chemical and manufacturing processes. In this review, we
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Angstrofluidics: Walking to the Limit Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Yi You, Abdulghani Ismail, Gwang-Hyeon Nam, Solleti Goutham, Ashok Keerthi, Boya Radha
Angstrom-scale fluidic channels are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in regulating cellular traffic, signaling, and responding to stimuli. Synthetic angstrom channels are now a reality with the emergence of several cutting-edge bottom-up and top-down fabrication methods. In particular, the use of atomically thin 2D materials and nanotubes as components to build fluidic conduits has pushed
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Biomineralized Materials for Sustainable and Durable Construction Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Danielle N. Beatty, Sarah L. Williams, Wil V. Srubar
Portland cement concrete, the most used manufactured material in the world, is a significant contributor to anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. While strategies such as point-source CO2 capture, renewable fuels, alternative cements, and supplementary cementitious materials can yield substantial reductions in cement-related CO2 emissions, emerging biocement technologies based on the mechanisms
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Small-Scale Mechanical Testing Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Vikram Jayaram
This article reviews recent developments in small-scale mechanical property testing with some emphasis on intermediate (meso) length scales in complex microstructures and coated systems. The introduction summarizes size effects discovered from a century ago up to the recent explosion in micropillar testing that established many length scale effects in yielding and fracture. The bulk of the article
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Architectural Glass Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-05-14 Sheldon M. Wiederhorn, David R. Clarke
Recent decades have seen growing and widespread adoption of glass as an architectural material that can be used not only as window panes but also as facades, walls, and roofs. This is despite glass traditionally being considered a brittle material, not readily capable of handling the high loads required of architectural materials. Architectural glass has enabled the vaulted, transparent structures
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Material Flows and Efficiency Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-05-04 Jonathan M. Cullen, Daniel R. Cooper
Attempts to track material flows and the calculation of efficiency for material systems go hand in hand. Questions of where materials come from, where materials go to, and how much material is lost along the way are embedded in human societies. This article reviews material flows, their analysis, and progress toward material efficiency. We focus first on material flow analysis (MFA) and the three key
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Using Severe Plastic Deformation to Produce Nanostructured Materials with Superior Properties Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Ruslan Z. Valiev, Boris Straumal, Terence G. Langdon
The past decade was marked by significant advances in the development of severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques to achieve new and superior properties in various materials. This review examines the achievements in these areas of study and explores promising trends in further research and development. SPD processing provides strong grain refinement at the nanoscale and produces very high dislocation
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Brittle Solids: From Physics and Chemistry to Materials Applications Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Brian R. Lawn, David B. Marshall
Hard solids with predominantly covalent–ionic bonding are finding rapidly increasing usage in many modern technologies. However, this class of solids is severely limited by their intrinsic brittleness—they break easily. It is in this context that a fundamental knowledge of brittle fracture mechanisms is of practical importance. This review covers the essential features of crack behavior in characteristically
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Recent Advances in Understanding Diffusion in Multiprincipal Element Systems Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Anuj Dash, Aloke Paul, Sandipan Sen, Sergiy Divinski, Julia Kundin, Ingo Steinbach, Blazej Grabowski, Xi Zhang
Recent advances in the field of diffusion in multiprincipal element systems are critically reviewed, with an emphasis on experimental as well as theoretical approaches to determining atomic mobilities (tracer diffusion coefficients) in chemically complex multicomponent systems. The newly elaborated and augmented pseudobinary and pseudoternary methods provide a rigorous framework to access tracer, intrinsic
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Transport in Lithium Garnet Oxides as Revealed by Atomistic Simulations Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Wei Lai
Lithium garnet oxides are a family of fast-ion conductors with appreciable lithium ionic conductivity in the solid state, making them promising candidates as electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. In their structures, lithium is partially (along with vacancy) distributed among more than one crystallographically distinct sites, just as with other fast-ion conductors. This disorder has a great influence
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Exothermic Formation Reactions as Local Heat Sources Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Shane Q. Arlington, Gregory M. Fritz, Timothy P. Weihs
This review focuses on the properties of reactive materials (RMs) that enable exothermic formation reactions and their application as local heat sources. We examine how the heat produced by these formation reactions can enable a range of useful functions including bonding, sealing, ignition, signaling, and built-in degradation. We begin by describing the chemistries, geometries, microstructures, and
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Strain Glass State, Strain Glass Transition, and Controlled Strain Release Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-08 Dong Wang, Yuanchao Ji, Xiaobing Ren, Yunzhi Wang
Strain glass is a new strain state discovered recently in ferroelastic systems that is characterized by nanoscale martensitic domains formed through a freezing transition. These nanodomains typically have mottled or tweed morphology depending on the elastic anisotropy of the system. Strain glass transition is a broadly smeared and high order–like transition, taking place within a wide temperature or
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Design and Characterization of Host Frameworks for Facile Magnesium Transport Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-08 Yirong Gao, Tara P. Mishra, Shou-Hang Bo, Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam, Pieremanuele Canepa
The development of inexpensive batteries based on magnesium (Mg) chemistry will contribute remarkably toward developing high-energy-density storage systems that can be used worldwide. Significant challenges remain in developing practical Mg batteries, the chief of which is designing materials that can provide facile transport of Mg. In this review, we cover the experimental and theoretical methods
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Teaching Metal-Organic Frameworks to Conduct: Ion and Electron Transport in Metal-Organic Frameworks Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Ruby A. Kharod, Justin L. Andrews, Mircea Dincă
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an expansive class of extended solids formed by coordination bonding between metal ions/clusters and organic ligands. Although MOFs are best known for their intrinsic porosity, they are now also emerging as an unusual set of porous, electrical, and ionic conductors that could address a number of applications in energy storage and generation. In this review, we focus
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Crystalline Cholesterol: The Material and Its Assembly Lines Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-22 Neta Varsano, Jenny Capua-Shenkar, Leslie Leiserowitz, Lia Addadi
Cholesterol is an essential component of animal cell membranes because it influences and controls cell membrane fluidity. Cholesterol is also responsible for the most frequent lethal pathologies in developed countries because of its intimate association with atherosclerotic plaques, the rupture of which may cause heart attacks or strokes. The question is under which conditions cholesterol activity
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Molecular Magnetism Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-19 Nicholas F. Chilton
Molecular magnetism, though distinctly a field within chemistry, encompasses much more than synthesis and has strong links with other disciplines across the physical sciences. Research goals in this area are currently dominated by magnetic memory and quantum information processing but extend in other directions toward medical diagnostics and catalysis. This review focuses on two popular subtopics,
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Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy for Materials Research Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-09 Ilia B. Moroz, Michal Leskes
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has increasingly been used for materials characterization as it enables selective detection of elements of interest, as well as their local structure and dynamic properties. Nevertheless, utilization of NMR is limited by its inherent low sensitivity. The development of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) approaches, which provide enormous sensitivity
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An Overview for the Design of Antimicrobial Polymers: From Standard Antibiotic-Release Systems to Topographical and Smart Materials Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-03 Humberto Palza, Belén Barraza, Felipe Olate-Moya
Microorganisms attach on all kinds of surfaces, spreading pathogens that affect human health and alter the properties of products and of the surface itself. These issues motivated the design of a broad set of antimicrobial polymers that have great versatility to be chemically modified, processed, and mixed with other compounds. This review presents an overview of these different strategies, including
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Ternary Nitride Materials: Fundamentals and Emerging Device Applications Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Ann L. Greenaway, Celeste L. Melamed, M. Brooks Tellekamp, Rachel Woods-Robinson, Eric S. Toberer, James R. Neilson, Adele C. Tamboli
Interest in inorganic ternary nitride materials has grown rapidly over the past few decades, as their diverse chemistries and structures make them appealing for a variety of applications. Due to synthetic challenges posed by the stability of N2, the number of predicted nitride compounds dwarfs the number that has been synthesized, offering a breadth of opportunity for exploration. This review summarizes
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Thermoelectrics by Computational Design: Progress and Opportunities Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Boris Kozinsky, David J. Singh
The performance of thermoelectric materials is determined by their electrical and thermal transport properties that are very sensitive to small modifications of composition and microstructure. Discovery and design of next-generation materials are starting to be accelerated by computational guidance. We review progress and challenges in the development of accurate and efficient first-principles methods
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Surface Chemistry of Metal Phosphide Nanocrystals Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Forrest W. Eagle, Ricardo A. Rivera-Maldonado, Brandi M. Cossairt
Semiconducting and metallic metal phosphide nanocrystals have gained increased attention in the materials science and engineering community due to their demonstrated and theoretical promise in both emissive and catalytic applications. Central to realizing the full potential of nanoscale metal phosphides is a thorough understanding of their surfaces and how surface chemistry impacts their function.
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Shear Pleasure: The Structure, Formation, and Thermodynamics of Crystallographic Shear Phases Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Albert A. Voskanyan, Alexandra Navrotsky
A renaissance of interest in crystallographic shear structures and our recent work in this remarkable class of materials inspired this review. We first summarize the geometrical aspects of shear plane formation and possible transformations in ReO3, rutile, and perovskite-based structures. Then we provide a mechanistic overview of crystallographic shear formation, plane ordering, and propagation. Next
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Quantum Spin Liquids from a Materials Perspective Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Lucy Clark, Aly H. Abdeldaim
Quantum spin liquids are unique quantum states of matter predicted to arise in low-dimensional, frustrated, and quantum magnetic systems. Compared with conventional ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states, quantum spin liquids are expected to display a variety of novel and exotic properties, making their realization in materials a highly appealing prospect. While an unambiguous realization of this
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Oxides with Mixed Protonic and Electronic Conductivity Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Rotraut Merkle, Maximilian F. Hoedl, Giulia Raimondi, Reihaneh Zohourian, Joachim Maier
Oxides with mixed protonic and p-type electronic conductivity (and typically containing also mobile oxygen vacancies) are important functional materials, e.g., for oxygen electrodes in protonic ceramic electrochemical cells or for permeation membranes. Owing to the presence of three carriers, their defect chemical behavior is complex. Deviations from ideal behavior (defect interactions) have to be
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Looking Back, Looking Forward: Materials Science in Art, Archaeology, and Art Conservation Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Katherine T. Faber, Francesca Casadio, Admir Masic, Luc Robbiola, Marc Walton
Cultural heritage materials, ranging from archaeological objects and sites to fine arts collections, are often characterized through their life cycle. In this review, the fundamentals and tools of materials science are used to explore such life cycles—first, via the origins of the materials and methods used to produce objects of function and artistry, and in some cases, examples of exceptional durability
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Long Persistent Luminescence: A Road Map Toward Promising Future Developments in Energy and Environmental Science Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Chiara Chiatti, Claudia Fabiani, Anna Laura Pisello
In recent decades, research on persistent luminescence has led to new phosphors and promising performances. Efforts to improve the quality of phosphors’ afterglow have paved the way toward innovative solutions for many disciplines. However, there are few examples of the implementation of luminescent materials. In addition to providing a general background on persistent luminescence, the techniques
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Gallium Liquid Metal: The Devil's Elixir Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Shi-Yang Tang, Christopher Tabor, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, Michael D. Dickey
Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical shapes due to the thin, solid native oxide skin that forms rapidly in oxygen. These properties enable new ways to pattern metals (e.g., injection
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Layered Double Perovskites Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Hayden A. Evans, Lingling Mao, Ram Seshadri, Anthony K. Cheetham
Successful strategies for the design of crystalline materials with useful function are frequently based on the systematic tuning of chemical composition within a given structural family. Perovskites with the formula ABX3, perhaps the best-known example of such a family, have a vast range of elements on A, B, and X sites, which are associated with a similarly vast range of functionality. Layered double
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Functional Transition Metal Perovskite Oxides with 6s2 Lone Pair Activity Stabilized by High-Pressure Synthesis Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Masaki Azuma, Hajime Hojo, Kengo Oka, Hajime Yamamoto, Keisuke Shimizu, Kei Shigematsu, Yuki Sakai
Perovskite ABO3 oxides that have Bi and Pb at the A site and transition metals at the B site, when stabilized by high-pressure synthesis at several gigapascals, provide a rich parameter space of fascinating properties. Stereochemical 6s2 lone pairs of Bi3+ and Pb2+ induce polar or antipolar distortions. 6s2 and 6s0 (Bi5+ and Pb4+) charge degree of freedom enable intermetallic charge transfer transitions
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Effects of Radiation-Induced Defects on Corrosion Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Franziska Schmidt, Peter Hosemann, Raluca O. Scarlat, Daniel K. Schreiber, John R. Scully, Blas P. Uberuaga
The next generation of nuclear reactors will expose materials to conditions that, in some cases, are even more extreme than those in current fission reactors, inevitably leading to new materials science challenges. Radiation-induced damage and corrosion are two key phenomena that must be understood both independently and synergistically, but their interactions are often convoluted. In the light water
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Cation Dynamics in Hybrid Halide Perovskites Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Eve M. Mozur, James R. Neilson
Hybrid halide perovskite semiconductors exhibit complex, dynamical disorder while also harboring properties ideal for optoelectronic applications that include photovoltaics. However, these materials are structurally and compositionally distinct from traditional compound semiconductors composed of tetrahedrally coordinated elements with an average valence electron count of silicon. The additional dynamic
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Stabilized Nanocrystalline Alloys: The Intersection of Grain Boundary Segregation with Processing Science Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Alice E. Perrin, Christopher A. Schuh
Processing science for nanocrystalline metals has largely focused on far-from-equilibrium methods that can generate many grain boundaries with excess defect energy. Conversely, the science of stabilizing nanocrystalline alloys has largely focused on the lowering of that excess defect energy through grain boundary segregation, bringing nanocrystalline structures closer to equilibrium. With increasing
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Precipitate Shearing, Fault Energies, and Solute Segregation to Planar Faults in Ni-, CoNi-, and Co-Base Superalloys Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Y.M. Eggeler, K.V. Vamsi, T.M. Pollock
The mechanical properties of superalloys are strongly governed by the resistance to shearing of ordered precipitates by dislocations. In the operating environments of superalloys, the stresses and temperatures present during thermomechanical loading influence the dislocation shearing dynamics, which involve diffusion and segregation processes that result in a diverse array of planar defects in the
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Low-Density, High-Temperature Co Base Superalloys Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Surendra Kumar Makineni, Mahander Pratap Singh, Kamanio Chattopadhyay
Co base superalloys strengthened by coherent L12 ordered γ′ precipitate in a disordered face-centered cubic γ matrix represent a new opportunity for high-temperature alloy development. The emergence of alloys with low density and high specific yield strength at elevated temperatures has further energized the research and development efforts in the last 5 years. Initially stabilized by the addition
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High-Entropy Ultra-High-Temperature Borides and Carbides: A New Class of Materials for Extreme Environments Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Lun Feng, William G. Fahrenholtz, Donald W. Brenner
Herein, we critically evaluate computational and experimental studies in the emerging field of high-entropy ultra-high-temperature ceramics. High-entropy ultra-high-temperature ceramics are candidates for use in extreme environments that include temperatures over 2,000°C, heat fluxes of hundreds of watts per square centimeter, or irradiation from neutrons with energies of several megaelectron volts
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Emerging Capabilities for the High-Throughput Characterization of Structural Materials Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Daniel B. Miracle, Mu Li, Zhaohan Zhang, Rohan Mishra, Katharine M. Flores
Structural materials have lagged behind other classes in the use of combinatorial and high-throughput (CHT) methods for rapid screening and alloy development. The dual complexities of composition and microstructure are responsible for this, along with the need to produce bulk-like, defect-free materials libraries. This review evaluates recent progress in CHT evaluations for structural materials. High-throughput
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Chemistry Under Shock Conditions Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Brenden W. Hamilton, Michael N. Sakano, Chunyu Li, Alejandro Strachan
Shock loading takes materials from ambient conditions to extreme conditions of temperature and nonhydrostatic stress on picosecond timescales. In molecular materials the fast loading results in temporary nonequilibrium conditions with overheated low-frequency modes and relatively cold, high-frequency, intramolecular modes; coupling the shock front with the material's microstructure and defects results
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Mixed Ionic-Electronic Transport in Polymers Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Bryan D. Paulsen, Simone Fabiano, Jonathan Rivnay
Polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) combine aspects of conjugated polymers, polymer electrolytes, and polyelectrolytes to simultaneously transport and couple ionic and electronic charges, opening exciting new applications in energy storage and conversion, bioelectronics, and display technologies. The many applications of polymeric MIECs lead to a wide range of transport conditions.
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Materials Strategies for Organic Neuromorphic Devices Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Aristide Gumyusenge, Armantas Melianas, Scott T. Keene, Alberto Salleo
Neuromorphic computing is becoming increasingly prominent as artificial intelligence (AI) facilitates progressively seamless interaction between humans and machines. The conventional von Neumann architecture and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor scaling are unable to meet the highly demanding computational density and energy efficiency requirements of AI. Neuromorphic computing aims
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Fast and Selective Ionic Transport: From Ion-Conducting Channels to Ion Exchange Membranes for Flow Batteries Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Klaus-Dieter Kreuer, Andreas Münchinger
This review discusses selective and fast transport of ionic species (ions and their associates) through systems as diverse as ion-conducting transmembrane proteins and ion exchange membranes (IEMs) in aqueous environments, with special emphasis on the role of electrostatics, specific chemical interactions, and morphology (steric effects). Contrary to the current doctrine, we suggest that properly balanced