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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): An Emerging Therapeutic Target to Improve Infectious Diseases Outcomes J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Angela Meier, George Sakoulas, Victor Nizet, Erlinda R Ulloa
Neutrophils possess a diverse repertoire of pathogen clearance mechanisms, one of which is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are complexes of histone proteins and DNA coated with proteolytic enzymes that are released extracellularly to entrap pathogens and aid in their clearance, in a process known as NETosis. Intravascular NETosis may drive a massive inflammatory response
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Efficacy of a novel affitoxin targeting MOMP against Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro and in vivo J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Mingyang Li, Jia Yang, Luqi Zhou, Jing Zhang, Yang Li, Jun Chen, Haiyan Dong, Lifang Zhang, Shanli Zhu
Targeted therapy is an attractive approach for treating infectious diseases. Affibody molecules have similar capability to antibodies that facilitate molecular recognition in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Targeting major outer membrane protein (MOMP) for treating infection of Chlamydia trachomatis, one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens, is a promising therapeutic approach
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Redox biomarkers in asymptomatic latent human tuberculosis: a comparison with active disease J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Sara Petrillo, Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio, Andrea Quatrana, Annapaola Santoro, Caterina Torda, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Massimiliano Raponi, Salvatore Zaffina, Fiorella Piemonte
Background The latent TB infection (LTBI) is an asymptomatic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.bt). Previous studies have shown a host-protective role for Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) during Mtb infection and an important involvement of Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) in the necrotic pathology of the disease. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggested a crucial role for Glutathione in the
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Humoral correlates of protection against influenza A H3N2 virus infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Gregory Hoy, Daniel Stadlbauer, Angel Balmaseda, Guillermina Kuan, Roger López, Juan Manuel Carreno Quiroz, Sergio Ojeda, Nery Sánchez, Temima Yellin, Miguel Plazaola, Aaron Frutos, Florian Krammer, Aubree Gordon
Background Influenza virus remains a threat to human health, but gaps remain in our knowledge of the humoral correlates of protection against influenza virus A/H3N2, limiting our ability to generate effective, broadly protective vaccines. The role of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk, a highly conserved but immunologically sub-dominant region, has not been established for influenza virus
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Declining antibody affinity over time after human vaccination with a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite vaccine candidate J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Kristina E M Persson, Jessica L Horton, Liriye Kurtovic, James S McCarthy, Robin F Anders, James G Beeson
Maintaining high affinity antibodies after vaccination may be important for long-lasting immunity to malaria, but data on induction and kinetics of affinity is lacking. In a Phase 1 malaria vaccine trial, antibody affinity increased following a second vaccination but declined substantially over 12-months, suggesting poor maintenance of high affinity antibodies.
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Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Following Prior Infection or Vaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Joseph E Ebinger, Nancy Sun, Sandy Y Joung, John Michael S Sanchez, Minhao Wang, Yunxian Liu, John C Prostko, Edwin C Frias, James L Stewart, Mallory Heath, Brian L Claggett, Susan Cheng, Kimia Sobhani
Background The extent to which infection versus vaccination has conferred similarly durable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity during the Omicron era remains unclear. Methods In a cohort of 4496 adults under continued serological surveillance throughout the first year of Omicron-predominant SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we examined incidence of new infection among individuals
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Clinical and Microbial Determinants of Upper Respiratory Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Native Microbiota in People with HIV-1 and Control Adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Lindsay K Nicholson, Jennifer M Kofonow, Charles E Robertson, Timothy Wright, Qing Li, Edward M Gardner, Daniel N Frank, Edward N Janoff
Background The substantial risk for respiratory and invasive infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) among people with HIV-1 (PWH) begins with asymptomatic colonization. The frequency of Spn colonization among U.S. adults with and without HIV-1 infection is not well-characterized in the conjugate vaccine era. Methods We determined Spn colonization frequency by culture and specific lytA gene
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Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Adenovirus 40/41, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Kansas City 2011-2016 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Marta Diez-Valcarce, Jennifer L Cannon, Hannah Browne, Kenny Nguyen, Christopher J Harrison, Mary E Moffatt, Kirsten Weltmer, Brian R Lee, Ferdaus Hassan, Debarpan Dhar, Mary E Wikswo, Daniel C Payne, Aaron T Curns, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jan Vinjé
Background Most U.S. acute gastroenteritis (AGE) episodes in children are attributed to norovirus, whereas very little information is available on adenovirus 40/41 (AdV40/41), astrovirus or sapovirus. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) conducted prospective, active, population-based AGE surveillance in young children. Methods We tested and typed stool specimens collected between December 2011
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Triggering Toll-Like Receptor 5 signaling during pneumococcal superinfection prevents the selection of antibiotic resistance J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Charlotte Costa, Jean-Claude Sirard, Paddy S Gibson, Jan-Willem Veening, Erida Gjini, Mara Baldry
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling plays a key role in antibacterial defenses. We previously showed that respiratory administration of flagellin, a potent TLR5 agonist, in combination with amoxicillin improves the treatment of primary pneumonia or superinfection caused by amoxicillin-sensitive or -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here, the impact of adjunct flagellin therapy on antibiotic dose/regimen
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Informing the Need for a SARS-CoV-2 Booster Based Upon the Immune Responses among Young Healthy Adults to Variants Circulating in Late 2023 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Huy C Nguyen, Kerri G Lal, Corey A Balinsky, Robert D Hontz, Jin Lin, Matthew J Beye, Lauren Smith, Li Pan, Ying Cheng, Isabella Fox, Stephen E Lizewski, Hayley S Foo, Shelly J Krebs, Peifang Sun, Andrew G Letizia
Background COVID-19 remains a global public health challenge due to new immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants and heterogeneous immunity. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the adaptive immune responses in U.S. active-duty personnel who completed a COVID-19 primary vaccine series and with heterogenous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection histories to 3 previously dominant variants (Ancestral
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Identification of two novel subtypes of hepatitis C virus genotype 8 and a potential new genotype successfully treated with direct acting antivirals J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Jean L Mbisa, Zena Lapp, David F Bibby, Laura T Phillips, Carmen F Manso, Simon Packer, Ruth Simmons, Kathryn Harris, Jaiganesh Mohan, Lalitha Chinnappan, Thomas Leitner, Daniel Bradshaw
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a high genetic diversity and is classified into 8 genotypes and over 90 subtypes with some endemic to specific world regions. This could compromise direct-acting antiviral (DAA) efficacy and global HCV elimination. Methods We characterised HCV subtypes ‘rare’ to the UK (non-1a/1b/2b/3a/4d) by whole genome sequencing via a national surveillance programme. Genetic
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Visceral Leishmaniasis–Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Coinfected Patients Are Highly Infectious to Sandflies in an Endemic Area in India J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Om Prakash Singh, Rahul Chaubey, Anurag Kumar Kushwaha, Michael P Fay, David Sacks, Shyam Sundar
In an area endemic with Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we performed direct xenodiagnosis to evaluate the transmission of Leishmania donovani from patients with VL–human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection to the vector sandflies, Phlebotomus argentipes. Fourteen patients with confirmed VL-HIV coinfection, with a median parasitemia of 42 205 parasite genome/mL of blood, were exposed to 732
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A genome-wide association study of susceptibility to upper urinary tract infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Helene M Flatby, Anuradha Ravi, Kristin V Liyanarachi, Jan E Afset, Humaira Rasheed, Ben M Brumpton, Kristian Hveem, Bjørn O Åsvold, Andrew T DeWan, Erik Solligård, Jan K Damås, Tormod Rogne
Background Our goal was to identify genetic and modifiable risk factors for upper urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods We used data from UK Biobank, The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), and Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI) to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and sex-stratified analyses on upper UTI. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to examine potential causal
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Review of the current TB human infection studies for use in accelerating TB vaccine development: A meeting report J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Shobana Balasingam, Keertan Dheda, Sarah Fortune, Stephen B Gordon, Daniel Hoft, James G Kublin, Colleen N Loynachan, Helen McShane, Ben Morton, Sujatha Nambiar, Nimisha Raj Sharma, Brian Robertson, Lewis K Schrager, Charlotte L Weller
Tools to evaluate and accelerate tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development are needed to advance global TB control strategies. Validated human infection studies for TB have the potential to facilitate breakthroughs in understanding disease pathogenesis, identify correlates of protection, develop diagnostic tools, and accelerate and de-risk vaccine and drug development. However, key challenges remain for
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Validation of an automated, end-to-end metagenomic sequencing assay for agnostic detection of respiratory viruses J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Nick P G Gauthier, Wilson Chan, Kerstin Locher, Duane Smailus, Robin Coope, Marthe Charles, Agatha Jassem, Jennifer Kopetzky, Samuel D Chorlton, Amee R Manges
Background Current molecular diagnostics are limited in the number and type of detectable pathogens. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) is an emerging, and increasingly feasible, pathogen-agnostic diagnostic approach. Translational barriers prohibit the widespread adoption of this technology in clinical laboratories. We validate an end-to-end mNGS assay for detection of respiratory viruses
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Rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and mortality in Ebola virus disease: retrospective analysis of cases from Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2019 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Kasereka Masumbuko Claude, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Richard Kitenge-Omasumbu, François Edidi-Atani, Meris Matondo Kuamfumu, Sabue Mulangu, Olivier Tshiani-Mbaya, Kambale Malengera Vicky, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Bonita E Lee, Stan Houston, Zubia Mumtaz, Michael T Hawkes
Background Skeletal muscle injury in Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been reported, but its association with morbidity and mortality remains poorly defined. Methods Retrospective study of patients admitted to two EVD Treatment Units, over an eight-month period in 2019, during a large EVD epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Results 333 patients (median age 30 years, 58% female) had at least
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Food is Medicine for HIV: Improved health and hospitalizations in the Changing Health through Food Support (CHEFS-HIV) pragmatic randomized trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Kartika Palar, Lila A Sheira, Edward A Frongillo, Asher A O’Donnell, Tessa M Nápoles, Mark Ryle, Simon Pitchford, Kim Madsen, Beth Phillips, Elise D Riley, Sheri D Weiser
Background Policy support for “Food is Medicine”—medically tailored meals or groceries to improve health—is rapidly growing. No randomized trials have heretofore investigated the benefits of medically tailored food programs for people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods The CHEFS-HIV pragmatic randomized trial included PLHIV who were clients of Project Open Hand (POH), a San Francisco-based nonprofit
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Drug concentrations in hair and dried blood spots as PrEP adherence metrics during pregnancy and postpartum J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Linxuan Wu, John Kinuthia, Peter L Anderson, Jared M Baeten, Julia C Dettinger, Monica Gandhi, Laurén Gomez, Grace John-Stewart, Mary M Marwa, Nancy Ngumbau, Felix Otieno, Pascal Omondi, Ben Odhiambo, Salphine Watoyi, Jillian Pintye
We evaluated hair tenofovir (TFV) concentrations as an adherence metric for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) during pregnancy and postpartum and compared hair levels with tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels in dried blood spots (DBS). Overall, 152 hair samples from 102 women and 36 hair-DBS paired samples from 29 women were collected from a subset of women in a cluster randomized trial. Having
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Longitudinal evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity over 2 years following vaccination and infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Anna Karina Juhl, Lisa Loksø Dietz, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard, Joanne Reekie, Henrik Nielsen, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Thomas Benfield, Lothar Wiese, Nina Breinholt Stærke, Tomas Østergaard Jensen, Rikke Olesen, Kasper Iversen, Kamille Fogh, Jacob Bodilsen, Lone Wulff Madsen, Susan Olaf Lindvig, Dorthe Raben, Sidsel Dahl Andersen, Astrid Korning Hvidt, Signe Rode Andreasen, Eva Anna Marianne Baerends, Jens
Background Within a year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, vaccines inducing a robust humoral and cellular immune response were implemented worldwide. However, emergence of novel variants and waning vaccine induced immunity led to implementation of additional vaccine boosters. Methods This prospective study evaluated the temporal profile of cellular and serological responses in a cohort of 639 SARS-CoV-2
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Genomic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Neisseria meningitidis in South Africa, 2016-2021 J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Rito L Mikhari, Susan Meiring, Linda de Gouveia, Wai Yin Chan, Keith A Jolley, Daria Van Tyne, Lee H Harrison, Henju Marjuki, Arshad Ismail, Vanessa Quan, Cheryl Cohen, Sibongile Walaza, Anne von Gottberg, Mignon du Plessis
Background Invasive meningococcal isolates in South Africa have in previous years (<2008) been characterized by serogroup B, C, W and Y lineages over time, with penicillin intermediate resistance (peni) at 6%. We describe the population structure and genomic markers of peni among invasive meningococcal isolates in South Africa, 2016-2021. Methods Meningococcal isolates were collected through national
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Antibiofilm Agents for the Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Narrative Review J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Michael Gao, Jim Manos, Greg Whiteley, Iryna Zablotska-Manos
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is difficult to eradicate due to BV biofilms protecting BV bacteria (Gardnerella, Prevotella, and other genera). With the growing understanding of biofilms, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the efficacy of anti-BV biofilm agents. Methods We searched literature in the Scopus, Medline, and Embase databases for empirical studies investigating substances
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The genetic diversity of Nipah virus across spatial scales J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Oscar Cortes-Azuero, Noémie Lefrancq, Birgit Nikolay, Clifton McKee, Julien Cappelle, Vibol Hul, Tey Putita Ou, Thavry Hoem, Philippe Lemey, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Ausraful Islam, Emily S Gurley, Veasna Duong, Henrik Salje
Background Nipah virus (NiV), a highly lethal virus in humans, circulates in Pteropus bats throughout South and Southeast Asia. Difficulty in obtaining viral genomes from bats means we have a poor understanding of NiV diversity. Methods We develop phylogenetic approaches applied to the most comprehensive collection of genomes to date (N=257, 175 from bats, 73 from humans) from six countries over 22
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Serological profiling of pneumococcal proteins reveals unique patterns of acquisition, maintenance and waning of antibodies throughout life J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-28 Samantha W J He, Franziska Voß, Mioara A Nicolaie, Jolanda Brummelman, Martijn D B van de Garde, Elske Bijvank, Martien Poelen, Alienke J Wijmenga-Monsuur, Anne L Wyllie, Krzysztof Trzciński, Josine Van Beek, Nynke Y Rots, Gerco den Hartog, Sven Hammerschmidt, Cécile A C M van Els
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children and older adults. Yet knowledge on the development of pneumococcal protein-specific antibody responses throughout life is limited. To investigate this, we measured serum IgG levels to 55 pneumococcal proteins in 11-month old infants (n=73), 24-month old children (n=101), parents (n=99), adults without children <6 years
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Serum GSDMD for Early Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infection and Differentiating Bacterial from Fungal Infections J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Jing Huang, Jing Shi, Xiuyu Zhang, Feng Tian, Juan Huang, Qing Zhao, Ningyi Wan, Lijun Zhang, Ying Hu, Pu Li
Summary Background The role of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) in bloodstream infection (BSI) diagnosis is unknown. Methods Serum GSDMD levels were measured in BSI patients. Endothelial cells and PBMCs were isolated, infected with bacteria/fungi, and intracellular/extracellular GSDMD concentrations were measured. An animal model was established to investigate the association between serum GSDMD levels and BSI
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Experimental Infections Reveal Acquired Zoonotic Capacity of Human Schistosomiasis Trough Hybridization J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Bruno Polack, Eglantine Mathieu-Bégné, Isabelle Vallée, Anne Rognon, Jean-Jacques Fontaine, Eve Toulza, Myriam Thomas, Jérôme Boissier
We are currently witnessing the endemization of urogenital schistosomiasis in southern Europe. The incriminated parasite is a hybrid between a human parasite and a livestock parasite. Using an experimental evolutionary protocol, we created hybrid lines from pure strains of both parasite species. We showed that the host spectrum of the human parasite is enlarged to the livestock parasite after genomic
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Rotavirus hospitalization in early childhood: fine motor skills and cognition at six years old—Population-based cohort study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Eun Kyo Ha, Ju Hee Kim, Bo Eun Han, Jeewon Shin, Eun Lee, Seonkyeong Rhie, Won Seok Lee, Soonchul Lee, Man Yong Han
Rotavirus is linked to severe childhood gastroenteritis and neurological complications, but its impact on neurodevelopment remains uncertain. We examined data from 1,420,941 Korean children born between 2009 and 2011, using the Korean National Health Insurance System. At age 6, we assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes using the validated Korean Developmental Test, covering six major domains. Utilizing
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What Contributes to the MIC? Beyond β-Lactamase Gene Detection in Klebsiella pneumoniae J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Alyssa K W Maclean, Stacey Morrow, Fang Niu, Nancy D Hanson
Background K. pneumoniae is capable of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through expression of β-lactamases (both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded) and downregulation of outer membrane porins. However, the extent to which these mechanisms interplay in a resistant phenotype is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which β-lactamases and outer membrane porins affected
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A Phase 1 Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Tenofovir Alafenamide/Elvitegravir Insert Administered Rectally for HIV Prevention J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Sharon A Riddler, Clifton W Kelly, Craig J Hoesley, Ken S Ho, Jeanna M Piper, Stacey Edick, Faye Heard, Gustavo F Doncel, Sherri Johnson, Peter L Anderson, Rhonda M Brand, Ratiya Pamela Kunjara Na Ayudhya, José A Bauermeister, Sharon L Hillier, Craig W Hendrix
Background On-demand topical products could be an important tool for HIV prevention. We evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of a tenofovir alafenamide/elvitegravir (TAF/EVG; 16 mg/20 mg) insert administered rectally. Methods MTN-039 was a Phase 1, open-label, single-arm, 2-dose study. Blood, rectal fluid (RF), and rectal tissue (RT) were collected over 72 hours (hr)
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Antibody titers and the risk of infection during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron phase in Bizen City, Japan J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-21 Tomoka Kadowaki, Ayako Sasaki, Naomi Matsumoto, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Hideharu Hagiya, Soshi Takao, Takashi Yorifuji
Background Understanding the association between the immune response and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has implications for forthcoming prevention strategies. We evaluated the association between antibody titers and the risk of infection for the general population during the Omicron-dominant phase. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of residents
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Clonal hematopoiesis in patients with HIV and cancer J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Nancy Gillis, Brittney L Dickey, Christelle Colin-Leitzinger, Yi-Han Tang, Ryan M Putney, Tania E Mesa, Sean J Yoder, Gita Suneja, Adam M Spivak, Ami B Patel, Martine Extermann, Anna R Giuliano, Mingxiang Teng, Jacob Kresovich, Anders Berglund, Anna E Coghill
Background Cancer-related deaths for people living with HIV (PWH) are increasing due to longer life expectancies and disparately poor cancer-related outcomes. We hypothesize that advanced biological aging contributes to cancer-related morbidity and mortality for PWH and cancer. We sought to determine the impact of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) on cancer disparities in PWH. Methods We conducted a retrospective
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Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus affect mitochondrial function through different metabolic pathways, explaining virus-specific clinical features of chronic hepatitis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Sakthi Priya Selvamani, Anis Khan, Enoch S E Tay, Matthew Garvey, Harout Ajoyan, Eve Diefenbach, Brian S Gloss, Thomas Tu, Jacob George, Mark W Douglas
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cause chronic hepatitis with important clinical differences. HCV causes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, while HBV confers increased risk of liver cancer. We hypothesised these differences may be due to virus-specific effects on mitochondrial function. Methods Seahorse technology was utilised to investigate effects of virus infection
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Assessment for Antibodies to Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Persons Developing Flu-like Reactions During Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Ruth N Moro, Carolina Mehaffy, Prithwiraj De, Elizabeth Phillips, Andrey S Borisov, Timothy R Sterling, Karen M Dobos
Background Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear. Methods We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for M. tuberculosis
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Chlamydia trachomatis seroassays used in epidemiologic research: a narrative review and practical considerations J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Mary Bridget Waters, Kevin Hybiske, Ren Ikeda, Bernhard Kaltenboeck, Lisa E Manhart, Kristen M Kreisel, Christine M Khosropour
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to adverse reproductive health outcomes. CT prevalence estimates are primarily derived from screening using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). However, screening guidelines in the United States only include particular subpopulations, and NAATs only detect current infections. In contrast, seroassays identify past CT
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Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Danielle M Allen, Marina I Reyne, Pearce Allingham, Ashley Levickas, Stephen H Bell, Jonathan Lock, Jonathon D Coey, Stephen Carson, Andrew J Lee, Cormac McSparron, Behnam Firoozi Nejad, James McKenna, Mark Shannon, Kathy Li, Tanya Curran, Lindsay J Broadbent, Damian G Downey, Ultan F Power, Helen E Groves, Jennifer M McKinley, John W McGrath, Connor G G Bamford, Deirdre F Gilpin
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe infections in infants, immunocompromised or elderly individuals resulting in annual epidemics of respiratory disease. Currently, limited clinical surveillance and the lack of predictable seasonal dynamics limits the public health response. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has recently been used globally as a key metric in determining prevalence of
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Clinical severity of enteric viruses detected using a quantitative molecular assay compared to conventional assays in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Jordan Cates, Helen Powell, James Platts-Mills, Dilruba Nasrin, Sandra Panchalingam, Samba O Sow, Awa Traore, Dipika Sur, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Anita K M Zaidi, Furqan Kabir, Abu S G Faruque, Dilruba Ahmed, Robert F Breiman, Richard Omore, John Benjamin Ochieng, M Jahangir Hossain, Martin Antonio, Inácio Mandomando, Delfino Vubil, James P Nataro, Myron M Levine, Umesh D Parashar, Karen L Kotloff
Background Quantitative molecular assays are increasingly used for detection of enteric viruses. Methods We compared the clinical severity using modified Vesikari score (mVS) of enteric viruses detected by conventional assays (enzyme immunoassays [EIA] for rotavirus and adenovirus 40/41 and conventional polymerase chain reaction for astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus) and a quantitative molecular
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Cost-effectiveness of 4CMenB vaccination against gonorrhea: importance of dosing schedule, vaccine sentiment, targeting strategy, and duration of protection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Dariya Nikitin, Lilith K Whittles, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton, Peter J White
Background Observational evidence suggests the 4CMenB meningococcal vaccine may partially protect against gonorrhea, with one dose being two-thirds as protective as two. We examined the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) in England, with one- or two-dose primary vaccination. Methods Integrated transmission-dynamic health-economic modeling explored the effects of targeting
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Inhibition of RhoA prevents Cryptococcus neoformans capsule glucuronoxylomannan-stimulated brain endothelial barrier disruption J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Melissa E Munzen, Cristian Mathew, Vanessa Enriquez, Amanjeet Minhas, Claudia L Charles-Niño, Durvinand Saytoo, Marta Reguera-Gomez, Michael R Dores, Luis R Martinez
Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is an opportunistic fungus that causes severe central nervous system (CNS) disease in immunocompromised individuals. Brain parenchyma invasion requires fungal traversal of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we describe that Cn alters the brain endothelium by activating small GTPase RhoA, causing reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction modulation
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Incidence, Clearance and Persistence of Penile High-Risk Human Papillomavirus among Rwandan Men who have Sex with Men J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Gad Murenzi, Hae-Young Kim, Jean Paul Mivumbi, Josephine Gasana, Athanase Munyaneza, Patrick Tuyisenge, Faustin Kanyabwisha, Thierry Zawadi, Benjamin Muhoza, Gallican Kubwimana, Adebola Adedimeji, Marcel Yotebieng, Leon Mutesa, Qiuhu Shi, Kathryn Anastos, Joel M Palefsky
Background Little is known about penile high-risk HPV among MSM in low-and-middle income countries. We aimed to determine the incidence, clearance and persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM. Methods We enrolled 350 MSM (345 with valid HPV results), aged ≥18 years, at each visit (6-12 months apart), we collected penile PreservCyt specimens and blood for HPV and HIV testing, socio-demographic
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Babesia duncani, A Model Organism for Investigating Intraerythrocytic Parasitism and Novel Anti-Parasitic Therapeutic Strategies J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Tiffany Fang, Choukri Ben Mamoun
Pathogens such as Plasmodium, Babesia, and Theileria invade and multiply within host red blood cells, leading to the pathological consequences of malaria, babesiosis and theileriosis. Establishing continuous in vitro culture systems and suitable animal models is crucial for studying these pathogens. This review spotlights the B. duncani “in culture-in mouse (ICIM)” model as a promising resource for
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccination: Antibody Persistence and Revaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Edward E Walsh, Ann R Falsey, Agnieszka M Zareba, Qin Jiang, Alejandra Gurtman, David Radley, Emily Gomme, David Cooper, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber, Kena A Swanson, Beate Schmoele-Thoma
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial respiratory disease. Bivalent RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine is licensed in ≥60-year-olds. RSVpreF was well-tolerated and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 study. We evaluated antibody persistence after initial vaccination and safety and immunogenicity after revaccination from this study. Methods Healthy adults were randomized to receive both
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Neutralization of Rubella Vaccine Virus and Immunodeficiency-Related Vaccine-Derived Rubella Viruses by Intravenous Immunoglobulins J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Min-hsin Chen, Ludmila Perelygina, LiJuan Hao, R Suzanne Beard, Cornelia Lackner, Maria R Farcet, Michael Karbiener, Joseph Icenogle, Thomas R Kreil
The association between granulomas and vaccine-derived rubella virus (VDRV) in people with primary immune deficiencies (PID) has raised concerns about the ability of immunoglobulin (IG) preparations to neutralize VDRVs. We investigated the capacity of IG to neutralize rubella vaccine virus and four VDRV strains. As expected, the rubella vaccine virus itself was potently neutralized by IG preparations;
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Building the future of ID: A call to action for quality improvement research and measurement J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Theresa Madaline, David C Classen, Joshua C Eby
Quality is central to value-based care and measurement is essential for assessing performance and understanding improvement over time. Both value-based care and methods for quality measurement are evolving. Infectious Diseases has been less engaged than other specialties in quality measure development, and Infectious Diseases providers must seize the opportunity to engage with quality measure development
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Long-term elevation of complement factors in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) encephalitis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Markus Bauswein, Saida Zoubaa, Martina Toelge, Lisa Eidenschink, Markus J Riemenschneider, Bernhard Neumann, De-Hyung Lee, Ehab Eid, Dennis Tappe, Hans Helmut Niller, André Gessner, Barbara Schmidt, Sigrid Bülow, Klemens Angstwurm
Background Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare but severe zoonotic infections in humans, presenting as severe encephalitis. The case-fatality risk is very high and no effective countermeasures have been established so far. An immunopathology is presumed, while data on immune responses in humans are limited. Evidence of a role of the complement system in various neurological disorders and central
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Associations between ticagrelor use and the risk of infections: A Mendelian randomization study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Meng Xia, Qingmeng Wu, Yu Wang, Yongquan Peng, Cheng Qian
Aims We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the anti-infective effects of ticagrelor. Methods and results Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of ticagrelor or its major metabolite AR-C124910XX (ARC) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial were selected as genetic proxies for ticagrelor exposure. Positive control analyses indicated
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Vaccine Elicited Antibodies Restrict Glucose Availability to Control Brucella Infection J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Bárbara Ponzilacqua-Silva, Alexis S Dadelahi, Mostafa F N Abushahba, Charles R Moley, Jerod A Skyberg
The impact of vaccine-induced immune responses on host metabolite availability has not been well studied. Here we show prior vaccination alters the metabolic profile of mice challenged with Brucella melitensis. In particular, glucose levels were reduced in vaccinated mice in an antibody-dependent manner. We also found the glucose transporter gene, gluP, plays a lesser role in B. melitensis virulence
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What is the economic benefit of annual COVID-19 vaccination from the adult individual perspective? J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-06 Sarah M Bartsch, Kelly J O’Shea, Colleen Weatherwax, Ulrich Strych, Kavya Velmurugan, Danielle C John, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Mustafa Hussein, Marie F Martinez, Kevin L Chin, Allan Ciciriello, Jessie Heneghan, Alexis Dibbs, Sheryl A Scannell, Peter J Hotez, Bruce Y Lee
Background With COVID-19 vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward. Methods We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine. Results For
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Membrane Lipids Augment Cell Envelope Stress Signaling via the MadRS System to Defend Against Antimicrobial Peptides and Antibiotics in Enterococcus faecalis J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 William R Miller, April Nguyen, Kavindra V Singh, Samie Rizvi, Ayesha Khan, Sam G Erickson, Stephanie L Egge, Melissa Cruz, An Q Dinh, Lorena Diaz, Philip C Thornton, Rutan Zhang, Libin Xu, Danielle A Garsin, Yousif Shamoo, Cesar A Arias
Enterococci have evolved resistance mechanisms to protect their cell envelopes against bacteriocins and host cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) produced in the gastrointestinal environment. Activation of the membrane stress response has also been tied to resistance to the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin. However, the actual effectors mediating resistance have not been elucidated. Here, we show
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Respiratory syncytial virus vs. Influenza virus infection: mortality and morbidity comparison over 7 epidemic seasons in an elderly population J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 C Recto, S Fourati, M Khellaf, J-M Pawlotsky, N De Prost, H Diakonoff, C Donadio, L Pouga, C de Tymowski, C Kassasseya
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining interest due to the recent development of vaccines, but it is still misdiagnosed in the elderly. The primary objective was to compare all-cause mortality at day 30. Secondary objectives were to compare clinical presentation, and rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods Single-centre
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Prevotella timonensis bacteria associated with vaginal dysbiosis enhance HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Nienke H van Teijlingen, Marleen Y van Smoorenburg, Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani, Esther M Zijlstra-Willems, John L van Hamme, Hanneke Borgdorff, Janneke HHM van de Wijgert, Elisabeth van Leeuwen, Joris A M van der Post, Karin Strijbis, Carla M S Ribeiro, Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome poses a serious risk for sexual HIV-1 transmission. Prevotella spp. are abundant during vaginal dysbiosis and associated with enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the direct effect of vaginal bacteria on HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells. Notably, pre-exposure to Prevotella timonensis enhanced
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High Frequency of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Sensitive Nucleocapsid Assays J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Joseph P Nkolola, Jinyan Liu, Ai-ris Y Collier, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Yasmeen Senussi, Ella Borberg, Zoe Swank, David R Walt, Dan H Barouch
Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 is typically measured by nucleocapsid serology assays. In this study, we show that the Simoa serology assays and T cell intracellular cytokine staining assays are more sensitive than the clinical Elecsys assay for detection of nucleocapsid-specific immune responses. These data suggest that the prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population may be higher than
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Estimating the Potential Public Health Value of BCG Revaccination J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Rebecca A Clark, Tom Sumner, Chathika K Weerasuriya, Roel Bakker, Thomas J Scriba, Richard G White
An upcoming trial may provide further evidence that adolescent/adult-targeted BCG revaccination prevents sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but its public health value depends on its impact on overall tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, which will remain unknown. Using previously calibrated models for India and South Africa, we simulated BCG revaccination assuming 45% prevention-of-infection
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Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication and represent effector phenotypes in COVID-19 patients J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Laetitia Gay, Marie-Sarah Rouviere, Soraya Mezouar, Manon Richaud, Laurent Gorvel, Etienne Foucher, Bernard La Scola, Amélie Menard, Jérôme Allardet-Servent, Philippe Halfon, Paul Frohna, Carla Cano, Jean-Louis Mege, Daniel Olive
Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells play a key role in the innate immune response to viral infections through butyrophilin (BTN)-3A. Here, we reported that blood Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells decreased in clinically mild COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers (HV), and was maintained up to 28-days and in the recovery period. Terminally differentiated Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells tend to be enriched on the day of diagnosis, 28-days after and during
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Safety and immunogenicity of the H56:IC31 tuberculosis vaccine candidate in adults successfully treated for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB: a phase 1 randomized trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Dereck Tait, Andreas Diacon, Álvaro H Borges, Elana van Brakel, David Hokey, Kathryn T Rutkowski, Devin J Hunt, Marisa Russell, Peter L Andersen, Ingrid Kromann, Morten Ruhwald, Gavin Churchyard, Rodney Dawson
Background H56:IC31 is a candidate vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) with the potential to reduce TB recurrence rate. It is thus important for future clinical trials to demonstrate safety and immunogenicity of H56:IC31 in individuals treated for TB. Methods 22 adults confirmed to be Mtb negative (by 2 GeneXpert tests or 2 sputum cultures) after four-five months of TB treatment, and not more than 28
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Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Prediabetes and Diabetes in People Living with HIV- Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiome Parameters J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Omer Bar Ziv, Avivit Cahn, Tallulah Jansen, Valery Istomin, Eynat Kedem, Karen Olshtain-Pops, Sarah Israel, Yonatan Oster, Efrat Orenbuch-Harroch, Maya Korem, Jacob Strahilevitz, Itzchak Levy, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Valeria Ivanova, Eran Elinav, Eduardo Shahar, Hila Elinav
Diabetes is more common among people living with HIV (PLWH), as compared with healthy individuals. In a prospective multicenter study (N = 248), we identified normoglycemic (48.7%), prediabetic (44.4%) and diabetic (6.9%) PLWH. HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) sensitivity in defining dysglycemia was 96.8%, while addition of oral glucose tolerance test led to reclassification of only 4 patients
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A Phase 1, Double-blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of HEV-239 (Hecolin®) Vaccine in Healthy US Adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Carol M Kao, Christina A Rostad, Lauren E Nolan, Etza Peters, Jennifer Kleinhenz, Jacob D Sherman, Ashley Tippett, J Wai Kuo Shih, Inci Yildirim, Vivien Agbakoba, Tatiana Beresnev, Cassandra Ballou, Satoshi Kamidani, Vinit Karmali, Muktha Natrajan, Erin M Scherer, Nadine Rouphael, Evan J Anderson
Introduction Establishing the safety and immunogenicity of a hepatitis E virus vaccine in multiple populations could facilitate broader access and prevent maternal and infant mortality. Methods We conducted a phase 1, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled (4:1 vaccine: placebo) trial of 30 µg HEV-239 (Hecolin®, Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company Limited, China) administered intramuscularly in
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Revealing the Genetic Diversity of Chinese Chlamydia trachomatis Strains Directly from Clinical Samples through Selective Whole-Genome Amplification J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Wentao Chen, Chuchan Zhou, Xin Su, Xiaona Yin, Weixi Yuan, Chuncai Hu, Wei Zhao
Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Whole-genome sequencing is essential for molecular Chlamydia surveillance; however, its application is hampered by the pathogen's low abundance in clinical specimens and the expensive, labor-intensive nature of existing enrichment methodologies for Chlamydia. Methods We developed
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Comparison of Daily versus Admission and Discharge Surveillance Cultures for Multidrug-Resistant Organism Detection in an Intensive Care Unit J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Sarah E Sansom, Teppei Shimasaki, Thelma Dangana, Michael Y Lin, Michael E Schoeny, Christine Fukuda, Nicholas M Moore, Rachel D Yelin, Christine M Bassis, Yoona Rhee, Enrique Cornejo Cisneros, Pamela Bell, Karen Lolans, Khaled Aboushaala, Vincent B Young, Mary K Hayden
Background Admission and discharge screening of patients for asymptomatic gut colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a traditional approach to active surveillance, but its sensitivity for detecting colonization is uncertain. Methods Daily rectal or fecal swab samples and clinical data were collected over 12 months from patients in one 25-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in Chicago
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Epidemiological and clinical insights into the enterovirus D68 upsurge in Europe 2021/22 and the emergence of novel B3-derived lineages, ENPEN multicentre study J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Margarida Pires Simoes, Emma B Hodcroft, Peter Simmonds, Jan Albert, Enagon K Alidjinou, Katia Ambert-Balay, Cristina Andrés, Andrés Antón, Christelle Auvray, Jean-Luc Bailly, Fausto Baldanti, Capser Bastings, Stuart Beard, Carla Berengua Pereira, Natasa Berginc, Mandy Bloemen, Soile Blomqvist, Froukje Bosma, Sindy Böttcher, Laura Bubba, Stafan Buderus, Maria Cabrerizo, Christina Calvo, Christina Celma
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections are associated with severe respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (ENPEN) aimed to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of EV-D68 and its clinical impact during the fall-winter season of 2021/22. From 19 European countries, 58 institutes reported 10,481 (6.8%) EV-positive samples of
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Monitoring progress towards the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health threat in Norway: a modelling study among people who inject drugs and immigrants J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Robert Whittaker, Jørgen E Midtbø, Hilde Kløvstad
Background The global incidence target for the elimination of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) is <2/100. In Norway, the hepatitis C epidemic is concentrated in PWID. Immigrants are the second most important risk group for chronic infection. We modelled the incidence of hepatitis C among active PWID, and the prevalence of chronic infection among active PWID, ex-PWID and immigrants in
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Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus in Implant-Associated Osteomyelitis by an Injectable in situ-Forming Depot Antibiotics Delivery System J. Infect. Dis. (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Albert Juan Fuglsang-Madsen, Nicole Lind Henriksen, Elizabeth Serrano Chávez, Lasse Andersson Kvich, Julie Knippel Melsted Birch, Katrine Top Hartmann, Thomas Eriksen, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Hans Gottlieb, Thomas Lars Andresen, Louise Kruse Jensen, Jonas Rosager Henriksen, Anders Elias Hansen
Background Bone infections from Staphylococcus aureus are notoriously difficult to treat and have high recurrence rates. Local antibiotic delivery systems hold the potential to achieve high in situ antibiotic concentrations, which are otherwise challenging to achieve via systemic administration. Existing solutions have been shown to confer suboptimal drug release and distribution. Here we present and