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Direct Electron Transfer–Type Oxidoreductases for Biomedical Applications Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Keisei Sowa, Junko Okuda-Shimazaki, Eole Fukawa, Koji Sode
Among the various types of enzyme-based biosensors, sensors utilizing enzymes capable of direct electron transfer (DET) are recognized as the most ideal. However, only a limited number of redox enzymes are capable of DET with electrodes, that is, dehydrogenases harboring a subunit or domain that functions specifically to accept electrons from the redox cofactor of the catalytic site and transfer the
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Recent Developments in Aerosol Pulmonary Drug Delivery: New Technologies, New Cargos, and New Targets Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Ian R. Woodward, Catherine A. Fromen
There is nothing like a global pandemic to motivate the need for improved respiratory treatments and mucosal vaccines. Stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic, pulmonary aerosol drug delivery has seen a flourish of activity, building on the prior decades of innovation in particle engineering, inhaler device technologies, and clinical understanding. As such, the field has expanded into new directions and
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Kidney Disease Modeling with Organoids and Organs-on-Chips Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Samira Musah, Rohan Bhattacharya, Jonathan Himmelfarb
Kidney disease is a global health crisis affecting more than 850 million people worldwide. In the United States, annual Medicare expenditures for kidney disease and organ failure exceed $81 billion. Efforts to develop targeted therapeutics are limited by a poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human kidney disease onset and progression. Additionally, 90% of drug candidates fail
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CRISPR/Cas Technology: The Unique Synthetic Biology Genome-Editing Tool Shifting the Paradigm in Viral Diagnostics, Defense, and Therapeutics Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Lang Zhou, Aleksandr L. Simonian
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has starkly exposed our significantly limited ability to promptly identify and respond to emergent biological threats. Consequently, there is an urgent need to advance biotechnological methods for addressing both known and unforeseen biological hazards. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized genetic engineering, enabling precise and efficient synthetic
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Histotripsy: A Method for Mechanical Tissue Ablation with Ultrasound Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Zhen Xu, Tatiana D. Khokhlova, Clifford S. Cho, Vera A. Khokhlova
Histotripsy is a relatively new therapeutic ultrasound technology to mechanically liquefy tissue into subcellular debris using high-amplitude focused ultrasound pulses. In contrast to conventional high-intensity focused ultrasound thermal therapy, histotripsy has specific clinical advantages: the capacity for real-time monitoring using ultrasound imaging, diminished heat sink effects resulting in lesions
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Liquid Biopsy Based on Cell-Free DNA and RNA Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Conor Loy, Lauren Ahmann, Iwijn De Vlaminck, Wei Gu
This review delves into the rapidly evolving landscape of liquid biopsy technologies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA) and their increasingly prominent role in precision medicine. With the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing, the use of cfDNA and cfRNA has revolutionized noninvasive clinical testing. Here, we explore the physical characteristics of cfDNA and cfRNA, present
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Insertable Biosensors: Combining Implanted Sensing Materials with Wearable Monitors Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 David Chimene, Kirstie M.K. Queener, Brian S. Ko, Mike McShane, Michael Daniele
Insertable biosensor systems are medical diagnostic devices with two primary components: an implantable biosensor within the body and a wearable monitor that can remotely interrogate the biosensor from outside the body. Because the biosensor does not require a physical connection to the electronic monitor, insertable biosensor systems promise improved patient comfort, reduced inflammation and infection
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Advancing Point-of-Care Applications with Droplet Microfluidics: From Single-Cell to Multicellular Analysis Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Christina Sharkey, Rachel White, Michael Finocchiaro, Judene Thomas, Jose Estevam, Tania Konry
Recent advances in single-cell and multicellular microfluidics technology have provided powerful tools for studying cancer biology and immunology. The ability to create controlled microenvironments, perform high-throughput screenings, and monitor cellular interactions at the single-cell level has significantly advanced our understanding of tumor biology and immune responses. We discuss cutting-edge
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3D Traction Force Microscopy in Biological Gels: From Single Cells to Multicellular Spheroids Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Brian C.H. Cheung, Rana J. Abbed, Mingming Wu, Susan E. Leggett
Cell traction force plays a critical role in directing cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Current understanding of cell traction force is largely derived from 2D measurements where cells are plated on 2D substrates. However, 2D measurements do not recapitulate a vital aspect of living systems, that is, cells actively remodel their surrounding extracellular matrix
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Low-Field, Low-Cost, Point-of-Care Magnetic Resonance Imaging Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Anja Samardzija, Kartiga Selvaganesan, Horace Z. Zhang, Heng Sun, Chenhao Sun, Yonghyun Ha, Gigi Galiana, R. Todd Constable
Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently experienced a renaissance that is largely attributable to the numerous technological advancements made in MRI, including optimized pulse sequences, parallel receive and compressed sensing, improved calibrations and reconstruction algorithms, and the adoption of machine learning for image postprocessing. This new attention on low-field MRI originates
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Critical Advances for Democratizing Ultrasound Diagnostics in Human and Veterinary Medicine Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Ahmed El Kaffas, Jenny M. Vo-Phamhi, John F. Griffin, Kenneth Hoyt
The democratization of ultrasound imaging refers to the process of making ultrasound technology more accessible. Traditionally, ultrasound imaging has been predominately used in specialized medical facilities by trained professionals. Advancements in technology and changes in the health-care landscape have inspired efforts to broaden the availability of ultrasound imaging to various settings such as
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Mechanobiology of Hyaluronan: Connecting Biomechanics and Bioactivity in Musculoskeletal Tissues Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Deva D. Chan, Farshid Guilak, Robert L. Sah, Sarah Calve
Hyaluronan (HA) plays well-recognized mechanical and biological roles in articular cartilage and synovial fluid, where it contributes to tissue structure and lubrication. An understanding of how HA contributes to the structure of other musculoskeletal tissues, including muscle, bone, tendon, and intervertebral discs, is growing. In addition, the use of HA-based therapies to restore damaged tissue is
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Use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Assist Individuals with Physical Disabilities Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Sidharth Pancholi, Juan P. Wachs, Bradley S. Duerstock
Assistive technologies (AT) enable people with disabilities to perform activities of daily living more independently, have greater access to community and healthcare services, and be more productive performing educational and/or employment tasks. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with various agents, including electronics, robotics, and software, has revolutionized AT, resulting in groundbreaking
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Engineering Therapeutics to Detoxify Hemoglobin, Heme, and Iron Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Ivan S. Pires, François Berthiaume, Andre F. Palmer
Hemolysis (i.e., red blood cell lysis) can increase circulatory levels of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and its degradation by-products, namely heme (h) and iron (Fe). Under homeostasis, minor increases in these three hemolytic by-products (Hb/h/Fe) are rapidly scavenged and cleared by natural plasma proteins. Under certain pathophysiological conditions, scavenging systems become overwhelmed, leading to
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Current Trends in Anti-Aging Strategies Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Robert S. Rosen, Martin L. Yarmush
The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring
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Emerging Penetrating Neural Electrodes: In Pursuit of Large Scale and Longevity Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Lan Luan, Rongkang Yin, Hanlin Zhu, Chong Xie
Penetrating neural electrodes provide a powerful approach to decipher brain circuitry by allowing for time-resolved electrical detections of individual action potentials. This unique capability has contributed tremendously to basic and translational neuroscience, enabling both fundamental understandings of brain functions and applications of human prosthetic devices that restore crucial sensations
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Label-Free Optical Metabolic Imaging in Cells and Tissues Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Irene Georgakoudi, Kyle P. Quinn
Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and
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Sex as a Biological Variable in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Josephine B. Allen, Christopher Ludtka, Bryan D. James
Although sex differences have been noted in cellular function and behavior, therapy efficacy, and disease incidence and outcomes, the adoption of sex as a biological variable in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine remains limited. Furthering the development of personalized, precision medicine requires considering biological sex at the bench and in the clinic. This review provides the basis
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Engineered Compounds to Control Ice Nucleation and Recrystallization Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Nishaka William, Sophia Mangan, Rob N. Ben, Jason P. Acker
One of the greatest concerns in the subzero storage of cells, tissues, and organs is the ability to control the nucleation or recrystallization of ice. In nature, evidence of these processes, which aid in sustaining internal temperatures below the physiologic freezing point for extended periods of time, is apparent in freeze-avoidant and freeze-tolerant organisms. After decades of studying these proteins
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Analytical Techniques for Single-Cell Biochemical Assays of Lipids Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Ming Yao, Manibarathi Vaithiyanathan, Nancy L. Allbritton
Lipids are essential cellular components forming membranes, serving as energy reserves, and acting as chemical messengers. Dysfunction in lipid metabolism and signaling is associated with a wide range of diseases including cancer and autoimmunity. Heterogeneity in cell behavior including lipid signaling is increasingly recognized as a driver of disease and drug resistance. This diversity in cellular
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Neurotechnology for Pain Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Lee E. Fisher, Scott F. Lempka
Neurotechnologies for treating pain rely on electrical stimulation of the central or peripheral nervous system to disrupt or block pain signaling and have been commercialized to treat a variety of pain conditions. While their adoption is accelerating, neurotechnologies are still frequently viewed as a last resort, after many other treatment options have been explored. We review the pain conditions
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Thinking Beyond the Device: An Overview of Human- and Equity-Centered Approaches for Health Technology Design Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Natalia M. Rodriguez, Grace Burleson, Jacqueline C. Linnes, Kathleen H. Sienko
A shift in the traditional technocentric view of medical device design to a human-centered one is needed to bridge existing translational gaps and improve health equity. To ensure the successful and equitable adoption of health technology innovations, engineers must think beyond the device and the direct end user and must seek a more holistic understanding of broader stakeholder needs and the intended
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Photoacoustic Imaging and Characterization of Bone in Medicine: Overview, Applications, and Outlook Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Eduardo A. Gonzalez, Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell
Photoacoustic techniques have shown promise in identifying molecular changes in bone tissue and visualizing tissue microstructure. This capability represents significant advantages over gold standards (i.e., dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) for bone evaluation without requiring ionizing radiation. Instead, photoacoustic imaging uses light to penetrate through bone, followed by acoustic pressure generation
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Nanotechnologies for Physiology-Informed Drug Delivery to the Lymphatic System Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Katharina Maisel, Claire A. McClain, Amanda Bogseth, Susan N. Thomas
Accompanying the increasing translational impact of immunotherapeutic strategies to treat and prevent disease has been a broadening interest across both bioscience and bioengineering in the lymphatic system. Herein, the lymphatic system physiology, ranging from its tissue structures to immune functions and effects, is described. Design principles and engineering approaches to analyze and manipulate
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Bioelectronic Sensor Nodes for the Internet of Bodies Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Baibhab Chatterjee, Pedram Mohseni, Shreyas Sen
Energy-efficient sensing with physically secure communication for biosensors on, around, and within the human body is a major area of research for the development of low-cost health care devices, enabling continuous monitoring and/or secure perpetual operation. When used as a network of nodes, these devices form the Internet of Bodies, which poses challenges including stringent resource constraints
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Epitranscriptional Regulation: From the Perspectives of Cardiovascular Bioengineering Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-08 Zhen Bouman Chen, Ming He, Julie Yi-Shuan Li, John Y.-J. Shyy, Shu Chien
The central dogma of gene expression involves DNA transcription to RNA and RNA translation into protein. As key intermediaries and modifiers, RNAs undergo various forms of modifications such as methylation, pseudouridylation, deamination, and hydroxylation. These modifications, termed epitranscriptional regulations, lead to functional changes in RNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles
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Neural Plasticity in Sensorimotor Brain–Machine Interfaces Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Maria C. Dadarlat, Ryan A. Canfield, Amy L. Orsborn
Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to treat sensorimotor neurological disorders by creating artificial motor and/or sensory pathways. Introducing artificial pathways creates new relationships between sensory input and motor output, which the brain must learn to gain dexterous control. This review highlights the role of learning in BMIs to restore movement and sensation, and discusses how BMI design
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Predictive Models for Health Deterioration: Understanding Disease Pathways for Personalized Medicine Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Bjoern M. Eskofier, Jochen Klucken
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are currently widely employed in medicine and healthcare. A PubMed search returns more than 100,000 articles on these topics published between 2018 and 2022 alone. Notwithstanding several recent reviews in various subfields of AI and ML in medicine, we have yet to see a comprehensive review around the methods’ use in longitudinal analysis
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Noninvasive Monitoring to Detect Dehydration: Are We There Yet? Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Martha Gray, Judith S. Birkenfeld, Ian Butterworth
The need for hydration monitoring is significant, especially for the very young and elderly populations who are more vulnerable to becoming dehydrated and suffering from the effects that dehydration brings. This need has been among the drivers of considerable effort in the academic and commercial sectors to provide a means for monitoring hydration status, with a special interest in doing so outside
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Recent Advancements in Electroporation Technologies: From Bench to Clinic Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Sabrina N. Campelo, Po-Hsun Huang, Cullen R. Buie, Rafael V. Davalos
Over the past decade, the increased adoption of electroporation-based technologies has led to an expansion of clinical research initiatives. Electroporation has been utilized in molecular biology for mammalian and bacterial transfection; for food sanitation; and in therapeutic settings to increase drug uptake, for gene therapy, and to eliminate cancerous tissues. We begin this article by discussing
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Detection and Monitoring of Viral Infections via Wearable Devices and Biometric Data Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 Craig J. Goergen, MacKenzie J. Tweardy, Steven R. Steinhubl, Stephan W. Wegerich, Karnika Singh, Rebecca J. Mieloszyk, Jessilyn Dunn
Mounting clinical evidence suggests that viral infections can lead to detectable changes in an individual's normal physiologic and behavioral metrics, including heart and respiration rates, heart rate variability, temperature, activity, and sleep prior to symptom onset, potentially even in asymptomatic individuals. While the ability of wearable devices to detect viral infections in a real-world setting
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Direct Cardiac Compression Devices to Augment Heart Biomechanics and Function Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-08 Jean Bonnemain, Pedro J. del Nido, Ellen T. Roche
The treatment of end-stage heart failure has evolved substantially with advances in medical treatment, cardiac transplantation, and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices such as left ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts. However, current MCS devices are inherently blood contacting and can lead to potential complications including pump thrombosis, hemorrhage, stroke, and hemolysis
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Mechanical Control of Cell Differentiation: Insights from the Early Embryo Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Celeste M. Nelson
Differentiation is the process by which a cell activates the expression of tissue-specific genes, downregulates the expression of potency markers, and acquires the phenotypic characteristics of its mature fate. The signals that regulate differentiation include biochemical and mechanical factors within the surrounding microenvironment. We describe recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the mechanical
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Cell Trafficking at the Intersection of the Tumor–Immune Compartments Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Wenxuan Du, Praful Nair, Adrian Johnston, Pei-Hsun Wu, Denis Wirtz
Migration is an essential cellular process that regulates human organ development and homeostasis as well as disease initiation and progression. In cancer, immune and tumor cell migration is strongly associated with immune cell infiltration, immune escape, and tumor cell metastasis, which ultimately account for more than 90% of cancer deaths. The biophysics and molecular regulation of the migration
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Derivation and Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Microfluidic Devices Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-04 Camilla Luni, Onelia Gagliano, Nicola Elvassore
An integrative approach based on microfluidic design and stem cell biology enables capture of the spatial-temporal environmental evolution underpinning epigenetic remodeling and the morphogenetic process. We examine the body of literature that encompasses microfluidic applications where human induced pluripotent stem cells are derived starting from human somatic cells and where human pluripotent stem
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Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Ramakrishna Mukkamala, George S. Stergiou, Alberto P. Avolio
Cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement has become a popular field due to clinical need and technological opportunity. However, no method has been broadly accepted hitherto. The objective of this review is to accelerate progress in the development and application of cuffless BP measurement methods. We begin by describing the principles of conventional BP measurement, outstanding hypertension/hypotension
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Improving Antibody Therapeutics by Manipulating the Fc Domain: Immunological and Structural Considerations Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 George Delidakis, Jin Eyun Kim, Katia George, George Georgiou
Interactions between the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of antibodies and a plethora of cellular Fc receptors (FcRs) or soluble proteins form a critical link between humoral and innate immunity. In particular, the immunoglobulin G Fc domain is critical for the clearance of target cells by processes that include ( a) cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, or complement lysis; ( b) modulation of inflammation;
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Deep Learning and Medical Image Analysis for COVID-19 Diagnosis and Prediction Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-22 Tianming Liu, Eliot Siegel, Dinggang Shen
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed dramatic challenges to health-care organizations worldwide. To combat the global crisis, the use of thoracic imaging has played a major role in the diagnosis, prediction, and management of COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe symptoms or with evidence of worsening respiratory status. In response, the medical image analysis community
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Technologies to Assess Drug Response and Heterogeneity in Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-09 Melissa C. Skala, Dustin A. Deming, Jeremy D. Kratz
Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) are organotypic 3D cultures grown from patient tumor samples. PDCOs provide an exciting opportunity to study drug response and heterogeneity within and between patients. This research can guide new drug development and inform clinical treatment planning. We review technologies to assess PDCO drug response and heterogeneity, discuss best practices for clinically
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Biomaterials for Hemostasis Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Aryssa Simpson, Anita Shukla, Ashley C. Brown
Uncontrolled bleeding is a major problem in trauma and emergency medicine. While materials for trauma applications would certainly find utility in traditional surgical settings, the unique environment of emergency medicine introduces additional design considerations, including the need for materials that are easily deployed in austere environments. Ideally, these materials would be available off the
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Current Developments and Challenges of mRNA Vaccines Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Jinjin Chen, Jianzhu Chen, Qiaobing Xu
mRNA vaccines have brought about a great revolution in the vaccine fields owing to their simplicity and adaptability in antigen design, potential to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and demonstrated high efficacy, and rapid and low-cost production by using the same manufacturing platform for different mRNA vaccines. Multiple mRNA vaccines have been investigated for both infectious
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Regenerative Approaches for Chronic Wounds Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-02-28 François Berthiaume, Henry C. Hsia
Chronic skin wounds are commonly found in older individuals who have impaired circulation due to diabetes or are immobilized due to physical disability. Chronic wounds pose a severe burden to the health-care system and are likely to become increasingly prevalent in aging populations. Various treatment approaches exist to help the healing process, although the healed tissue does not generally recapitulate
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Regulation of Tumor Invasion by the Physical Microenvironment: Lessons from Breast and Brain Cancer Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2022-02-04 Garrett F. Beeghly, Kwasi Y. Amofa, Claudia Fischbach, Sanjay Kumar
The success of anticancer therapies is often limited by heterogeneity within and between tumors. While much attention has been devoted to understanding the intrinsic molecular diversity of tumor cells, the surrounding tissue microenvironment is also highly complex and coevolves with tumor cells to drive clinical outcomes. Here, we propose that diverse types of solid tumors share common physical motifs
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Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Lydia Bourouiba
The host-to-host transmission of respiratory infectious diseases is fundamentally enabled by the interaction of pathogens with a variety of fluids (gas or liquid) that shape pathogen encapsulation and emission, transport and persistence in the environment, and new host invasion and infection. Deciphering the mechanisms and fluid properties that govern and promote these steps of pathogen transmission
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Cell and Tissue Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Yaron Bram, Duc-Huy T. Nguyen, Vikas Gupta, Jiwoon Park, Chanel Richardson, Vasuretha Chandar, Robert E. Schwartz
Liver disease is an important clinical problem, impacting 600 million people worldwide. It is the 11th-leading cause of death in the world. Despite constant improvement in treatment and diagnostics, the aging population and accumulated risk factors led to increased morbidity due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Liver transplantation, first established in the 1960s, is the second-most-common
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Integrating Biomaterials and Genome Editing Approaches to Advance Biomedical Science Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Amr A. Abdeen, Brian D. Cosgrove, Charles A. Gersbach, Krishanu Saha
The recent discovery and subsequent development of the CRISPR–Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–CRISPR-associated protein 9) platform as a precise genome editing tool have transformed biomedicine. As these CRISPR-based tools have matured, multiple stages of the gene editing process and the bioengineering of human cells and tissues have advanced. Here, we highlight recent
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Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Jennifer H. Hammel, Sophie R. Cook, Maura C. Belanger, Jennifer M. Munson, Rebecca R. Pompano
Modeling immunity in vitro has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating fundamental biological questions, informing therapeutics and vaccines, and providing new insight into disease progression. There are two major elements to immunity that are necessary to model: primary immune tissues and peripheral tissues with immune components. Here, we systematically review progress made along three
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Recent Advances in Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Global Health Applications Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Lia A. Stanciu, Qingshan Wei, Amit K. Barui, Noor Mohammad
Since aptamers were first reported in the early 2000s, research on their use for the detection of health-relevant analytical targets has exploded. This review article provides a brief overview of the most recent developments in the field of aptamer-based biosensors for global health applications. The review provides a description of general aptasensing principles and follows up with examples of recent
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Vascularized Microfluidics and Their Untapped Potential for Discovery in Diseases of the Microvasculature Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 David R. Myers, Wilbur A. Lam
Microengineering advances have enabled the development of perfusable, endothelialized models of the microvasculature that recapitulate the unique biological and biophysical conditions of the microcirculation in vivo. Indeed, at that size scale (<100 μm)—where blood no longer behaves as a simple continuum fluid; blood cells approximate the size of the vessels themselves; and complex interactions among
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In Situ Programming of CAR T Cells Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Neha N. Parayath, Matthias T. Stephan
Gene therapy makes it possible to engineer chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to create T cells that target specific diseases. However, current approaches require elaborate and expensive protocols to manufacture engineered T cells ex vivo, putting this therapy beyond the reach of many patients who might benefit. A solution could be to program T cells in vivo. Here, we evaluate the clinical need for
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Biology and Models of the Blood–Brain Barrier Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Cynthia Hajal, Baptiste Le Roi, Roger D. Kamm, Ben M. Maoz
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most selective endothelial barriers. An understanding of its cellular, morphological, and biological properties in health and disease is necessary to develop therapeutics that can be transported from blood to brain. In vivo models have provided some insight into these features and transport mechanisms adopted at the brain, yet they have failed as a robust
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Engineering Selectively Targeting Antimicrobial Peptides Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Ming Lei, Arul Jayaraman, James A. Van Deventer, Kyongbum Lee
The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens has necessitated the development of new therapeutics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of compounds with potentially attractive therapeutic properties, including the ability to target specific groups of bacteria. In nature, AMPs exhibit remarkable structural and functional diversity, which may be further enhanced through genetic
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Biomedical Applications of Metal 3D Printing Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Luis Fernando Velásquez-García, Yosef Kornbluth
Additive manufacturing's attributes include print customization, low per-unit cost for small- to mid-batch production, seamless interfacing with mainstream medical 3D imaging techniques, and feasibility to create free-form objects in materials that are biocompatible and biodegradable. Consequently, additive manufacturing is apposite for a wide range of biomedical applications including custom biocompatible
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Simulating Outcomes of Cataract Surgery: Important Advances in Ophthalmology Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Susana Marcos, Eduardo Martinez-Enriquez, Maria Vinas, Alberto de Castro, Carlos Dorronsoro, Seung Pil Bang, Geunyoung Yoon, Pablo Artal
As the human eye ages, the crystalline lens stiffens (presbyopia) and opacifies (cataract), requiring its replacement with an artificial lens [intraocular lens (IOL)]. Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the world. The increase in IOL designs has not been paralleled in practice by a sophistication in IOL selection methods, which rely on limited anatomical measurements
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Quantitative Molecular Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Using Advanced Deep Learning Techniques Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Habib Zaidi, Issam El Naqa
The widespread availability of high-performance computing and the popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) with machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) algorithms at the helm have stimulated the development of many applications involving the use of AI-based techniques in molecular imaging research. Applications reported in the literature encompass various areas, including innovative design concepts
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Red Blood Cell Hitchhiking: A Novel Approach for Vascular Delivery of Nanocarriers Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Jacob S. Brenner, Samir Mitragotri, Vladimir R. Muzykantov
Red blood cell (RBC) hitchhiking is a method of drug delivery that can increase drug concentration in target organs by orders of magnitude. In RBC hitchhiking, drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) are adsorbed onto red blood cells and then injected intravascularly, which causes the NPs to transfer to cells of the capillaries in the downstream organ. RBC hitchhiking has been demonstrated in multiple species
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Circadian Effects of Drug Responses Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Yaakov Nahmias, Ioannis P. Androulakis
Circadian rhythms describe physiological systems that repeat themselves with a cycle of approximately 24 h. Our understanding of the cellular and molecular origins of these oscillations has improved dramatically, allowing us to appreciate the significant role these oscillations play in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Circadian rhythms allow living organisms to predict and efficiently respond
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Integrating Systems and Synthetic Biology to Understand and Engineer Microbiomes Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Patrick A. Leggieri, Yiyi Liu, Madeline Hayes, Bryce Connors, Susanna Seppälä, Michelle A. O'Malley, Ophelia S. Venturelli
Microbiomes are complex and ubiquitous networks of microorganisms whose seemingly limitless chemical transformations could be harnessed to benefit agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. The spatial and temporal changes in microbiome composition and function are influenced by a multitude of molecular and ecological factors. This complexity yields both versatility and challenges in designing synthetic
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Engineering Vascularized Organoid-on-a-Chip Models Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Venktesh S. Shirure, Christopher C.W. Hughes, Steven C. George
Recreating human organ–level function in vitro is a rapidly evolving field that integrates tissue engineering, stem cell biology, and microfluidic technology to produce 3D organoids. A critical component of all organs is the vasculature. Herein, we discuss general strategies to create vascularized organoids, including common source materials, and survey previous work using vascularized organoids to
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Procedural Telementoring in Rural, Underdeveloped, and Austere Settings: Origins, Present Challenges, and Future Perspectives Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (IF 9.7) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Juan P. Wachs, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Samuel A. Tisherman
Telemedicine is perhaps the most rapidly growing area in health care. Approximately 15 million Americans receive medical assistance remotely every year. Yet rural communities face significant challenges in securing subspecialist care. In the United States, 25% of the population resides in rural areas, where less than 15% of physicians work. Current surgery residency programs do not adequately prepare