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The translational potential of studying bat immunity Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Kaushal Baid, Aaron T. Irving, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Arinjay Banerjee
Molecular studies in bats have led to the discovery of antiviral adaptations that may explain how some bat species have evolved enhanced immune tolerance towards viruses. Accumulating data suggest that some bat species have also evolved remarkable features of longevity and low rates of cancer. Furthermore, recent research strongly suggests that discovering immune adaptations in bat models can be translated
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Immunological features of bats: resistance and tolerance to emerging viruses Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Wael L. Demian, Olga Cormier, Karen Mossman
Bats are among the most diverse mammalian species, representing over 20% of mammalian diversity. The past two decades have witnessed a disproportionate spillover of viruses from bats to humans compared with other mammalian hosts, attributed to the viral richness within bats, their phylogenetic likeness to humans, and increased human contact with wildlife. Unique evolutionary adaptations in bat genomes
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Targeting MHC-I inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Jun Wang, Qiao Lu, Xufeng Chen, Iannis Aifantis
The MHC-I antigen presentation (AP) pathway is key to shaping mammalian CD8 T cell immunity, with its aberrant expression closely linked to low tumor immunogenicity and immunotherapy resistance. While significant attention has been given to genetic mutations and downregulation of positive regulators that are essential for MHC-I AP, there is a growing interest in understanding how tumors actively evade
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DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Yanyan Wang, Fei-Long Meng, Leng-Siew Yeap
Antibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings
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The tumor niche can reprogram long-lived protumorigenic neutrophils Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Jiaming Wang, Xuetao Cao
The heterogeneity and plasticity of neutrophils in tumor–host interactions and how tumor signals induce reprogramming of neutrophil subpopulations need further investigation. recently reported that a hypoxic-glycolytic niche in mouse tumors could reprogram mature and immature neutrophils into a long-lived and terminally-differentiated subset, which promoted angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Mats Bemark, Michael J. Pitcher, Chiara Dionisi, Jo Spencer
The diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and
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Durable CD4+ T cell immunity: cherchez la stem Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Erik P. Hughes, Amber R. Syage, Dean Tantin
Mammalian stem cells govern development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Following years of study, their functions have been delineated with increasing precision. The past decade has witnessed heightened widespread use of stem cell terminology in association with durable T cell responses to infection, antitumor immunity, and autoimmunity. Interpreting this literature is complicated by the fact
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Human genetic errors of immunity illuminate an adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Carrie L. Lucas
New discoveries in the field of human monogenic immune diseases highlight critical genes and pathways governing immune responses. Here, I describe how the ~500 currently defined human inborn errors of immunity help shape what I propose is an ‘adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses’, emphasizing the set of immunological defenses poised for rapid responses in the natural environment. This arsenal blurs
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SARS-CoV-2 evolution from the BA.2.86 to JN.1 variants: unexpected consequences Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Xinling Wang, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang
SARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. The Omicron subvariant BA.2.86, with >30 mutations in its spike (S) protein compared with its predecessor strain BA.2, was expected to quickly become predominant worldwide, but this has not happened. Instead, its descendant strain, JN.1, with just one additional mutation, has become the predominant SARS-CoV-2 subvariant. Here, we offer a possible explanation for
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DNA at the center of mammalian innate immune recognition of bacterial biofilms Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Stefania Gallucci
Historically, the study of innate immune detection of bacterial infections has focused on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria growing as single cells in planktonic phase. However, over the past two decades, studies have highlighted an adaptive advantage of bacteria: the formation of biofilms. These structures are complex fortresses that stand against a hostile
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Mononuclear myeloid cells can shape neutrophils in brain tumors Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Sven Brandau
In most human solid cancer types, a high frequency of intratumoral neutrophils is associated with poor prognosis. In a recent study, Maas et al. identified an intratumoral niche in which mononuclear myeloid cells drive proinflammatory neutrophil activation in brain tumors. This study sheds new light on the intratumoral modulation of neutrophils.
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Gasdermin D triggers cardiolipin-driven mitochondrial damage and pyroptosis Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Qiang Cai, Quazi T.H. Shubhra
In a remarkable recent study, Miao et al. reveal that gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-NT) instigates mitochondrial damage in pyroptosis by forming pores in inner and outer mitochondrial membranes (OMMs). The authors highlight the key role of mitochondrial cardiolipin in the action of GSDMD-NT, and significantly advance our understanding of this inflammatory cell death mechanism.
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Human germline gain-of-function in STAT6: from severe allergic disease to lymphoma and beyond Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-17
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 is a transcription factor central to pro-allergic immune responses, although the function of human STAT6 at the whole-organism level has long remained unknown. Germline heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) rare variants in STAT6 have been recently recognized to cause a broad and severe clinical phenotype of early-onset, multi-system allergic
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Lnc-ing RNA to intestinal homeostasis and inflammation Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Katherine A. Fitzgerald, Liraz Shmuel-Galia
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in numerous biological processes, including the immune system. Initial research in this area focused on cell-based studies, but recent advances underscore the profound significance of lncRNAs at the organismal level, providing invaluable insights into their roles in inflammatory diseases. In this rapidly evolving field, lncRNAs have been described
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How does the microbiota control systemic innate immunity? Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Christine K.I. Jordan, Thomas B. Clarke
The intestinal microbiota has a pervasive influence on mammalian innate immunity fortifying defenses to infection in tissues throughout the host. How intestinal microbes control innate defenses in systemic tissues is, however, poorly defined. In our opinion, there are three core challenges that need addressing to advance our understanding of how the intestinal microbiota controls innate immunity systemically:
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Subscription and Copyright Information Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-11
Abstract not available
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B cell phylogenetics in the single cell era Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Kenneth B. Hoehn, Steven H. Kleinstein
The widespread availability of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has led to the development of new methods for understanding immune responses. Single-cell transcriptome data can now be paired with B cell receptor (BCR) sequences. However, RNA from BCRs cannot be analyzed like most other genes because BCRs are genetically diverse within individuals. In humans, BCRs are shaped through recombination
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Double-take: SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to evade human innate immunity, twice Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-24 Ellen F. Foxman
Sequential replacement of the dominant SARS-CoV-2 virus by new variants has been a striking feature of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two recent articles, Bouhaddou et al. and Kehrer et al. demonstrate that, like the original virus, the SARS-CoV-2 omicron strain has progressively evolved to evade host innate immune defenses.
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The many ways in which alphaviruses bind to cells Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Saravanan Raju, Lucas J. Adams, Michael S. Diamond
Only a subset of viruses can productively infect many different host species. Some arthropod-transmitted viruses, such as alphaviruses, can infect invertebrate and vertebrate species including insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This broad tropism may be explained by their ability to engage receptors that are conserved across vertebrate and invertebrate classes. Through several genome-wide loss-of-function
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The potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer nanomedicine and immunotherapy Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Shulin Pan, Rangrang Fan, Bo Han, Aiping Tong, Gang Guo
Owing to their outstanding performance against COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have brought great hope for combating various incurable diseases, including cancer. Differences in the encoded proteins result in different molecular and cellular mechanisms of mRNA vaccines. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and molecular medicine, personalized antigen-encoding mRNA vaccines that enhance antigen presentation
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Modeling human immune responses to vaccination in vitro Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Elena Morrocchi, Simon van Haren, Paolo Palma, Ofer Levy
The human immune system is a complex network of coordinated components that are crucial for health and disease. Animal models, commonly used to study immunomodulatory agents, are limited by species-specific differences, low throughput, and ethical concerns. In contrast, in vitro modeling of human immune responses can enable species- and population-specific mechanistic studies and translational development
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Chimeric antigen receptor Treg therapy in transplantation Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Siawosh K. Eskandari, Andrea Daccache, Jamil R. Azzi
In the quest for more precise and effective organ transplantation therapies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) regulatory T cell (Treg) therapies represent a potential cutting-edge advance. This review comprehensively analyses CAR Tregs and how they may address important drawbacks of polyclonal Tregs and conventional immunosuppressants. We examine a growing body of preclinical findings of CAR Treg therapy
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Targeting neuraminidase: the next frontier for broadly protective influenza vaccines Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Nicholas C. Wu, Ali H. Ellebedy
Current seasonal influenza vaccines, which mainly target hemagglutinin (HA), require annual updates due to the continuous antigenic drift of the influenza virus. Developing an influenza vaccine with increased breadth of protection will have significant public health benefits. The recent discovery of broadly protective antibodies to neuraminidase (NA) has provided important insights into developing
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Tumor macrophage functional heterogeneity can inform the development of novel cancer therapies Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Ibraheem Nasir, Conor McGuinness, Ashleigh R. Poh, Matthias Ernst, Phillip K. Darcy, Kara L. Britt
Macrophages represent a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are largely associated with poor prognosis. Therapeutic targeting of macrophages has historically focused on inhibiting their recruitment or reprogramming their phenotype from a protumor (M2-like) to an antitumor (M1-like) one. Unfortunately, this approach has not provided clinical breakthroughs that have changed practice
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Subscription and Copyright Information Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-22
Abstract not available
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Reframing macrophage diversity with network motifs Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Gabriela A. Pizzurro, Kathryn Miller-Jensen
A binary classification of macrophage activation as inflammatory or resolving does not capture the diversity of macrophage states observed in tissues. However, framing macrophage activation as a continuous spectrum of states overlooks the intracellular and extracellular networks that regulate and coordinate macrophage responses. Here, we suggest that the systems biology concept of network motifs, which
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Homeostatic chemokines as putative therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Remo C. Russo, Valerie F.J. Quesniaux, Bernhard Ryffel
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) that affects lung mechanical functions and gas exchange. IPF is caused by increased fibroblast activity and collagen deposition that compromise the alveolar–capillary barrier. Identifying an effective therapy for IPF remains a clinical challenge. Chemokines are key proteins in cell communication that have functions
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Diet and immune response: how today’s plate shapes tomorrow’s health Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Francesco Siracusa, Joseph Tintelnot, Filippo Cortesi, Nicola Gagliani
Nutrition is emerging as a promising therapeutic tool to modulate the immune system in health and disease. We propose that the timing of dietary interventions is probably what determines their success. In this context, we explore recent research that identifies the early phases of dietary intervention as critical time windows for modulating immunity and optimizing cancer therapy. Furthermore, we highlight
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Uniting innate and adaptive immunity in glioblastoma; an α-CTLA-4 quest Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Nicolas Camviel, Leila Akkari
Immunotherapies have thus far led to disappointing outcomes in patients suffering from glioblastoma. Published in Immunity, Chen et al.’s recent study shows the therapeutic potential of an αCTLA-4 antibody (Ab), specifically in murine mesenchymal-like glioblastoma. αCTLA-4 Ab efficacy relied on the distinctive cooperation between CD4+ Th1 T cells and microglia, unleashing a potent antitumor response
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Monocyte differentiation within tissues: a renewed outlook Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Alessandra Rigamonti, Javiera Villar, Elodie Segura
When recruited to mammalian tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs). In the past few years, the existence of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) was questioned by the discovery of new DC populations with overlapping phenotypes. Here, we critically review the evidence for monocyte differentiation into DCs in tissues and highlight their specific functions. Recent studies have
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Macrophage states: there's a method in the madness Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Gajanan Katkar, Pradipta Ghosh
Single-cell approaches have shone a spotlight on discrete context-specific tissue macrophage states, deconstructed to their most minute details. Machine-learning (ML) approaches have recently challenged that dogma by revealing a context-agnostic continuum of states shared across tissues. Both approaches agree that ‘brake’ and ‘accelerator’ macrophage subpopulations must be balanced to achieve homeostasis
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Alzheimer’s defense: brain CD8+ T cells in action Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Dan Hu
In a remarkable new study, Su et al. have shown that a specific subpopulation of CD8+ T cells, attracted to brain lesion sites and expanded via microglia-CD8+ T cell CXCL16-CXCR6 intercellular communication, can curb Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathology in mouse models.
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Macrophage phenotypes and functions: resolving inflammation and restoring homeostasis Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Patricia Rodríguez-Morales, Ruth A. Franklin
Inflammation must be tightly regulated to both defend against pathogens and restore tissue homeostasis. The resolution of inflammatory responses is a dynamic process orchestrated by cells of the immune system. Macrophages, tissue-resident innate immune cells, are key players in modulating inflammation. Here, we review recent work highlighting the importance of macrophages in tissue resolution and the
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Leveraging human immune organoids for rational vaccine design Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Jenna M. Kastenschmidt, Suhas Sureshchandra, Lisa E. Wagar
Current influenza A and B virus (IABV) vaccines provide suboptimal protection and efforts are underway to develop a universal IABV vaccine. Blood neutralizing antibodies are the current gold standard for protection, but many processes that regulate human IABV-specific immunity occur in mucosal and lymphoid tissues. We need an improved mechanistic understanding of how immune cells respond within these
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In vivo clinical molecular imaging of T cell activity Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-04 Xiaju Cheng, Jiahao Shen, Jingwei Xu, Jinfeng Zhu, Pei Xu, Yong Wang, Mingyuan Gao
Tumor immunotherapy is refashioning traditional treatments in the clinic for certain tumors, especially by relying on the activation of T cells. However, the safety and effectiveness of many antitumor immunotherapeutic agents are suboptimal due to difficulties encountered in assessing T cell responses and adjusting treatment regimens accordingly. Here, we review advances in the clinical visualization
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Innate immunity: the bacterial connection Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 François Rousset
Pathogens have fueled the diversification of intracellular defense strategies that collectively define cell-autonomous innate immunity. In bacteria, innate immunity is manifested by a broad arsenal of defense systems that provide protection against bacterial viruses, called phages. The complexity of the bacterial immune repertoire has only been realized recently and is now suggesting that innate immunity
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Subscription and Copyright Information Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-26
Abstract not available
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Towards decoding the space-time continuum of pregnancy Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Kristin Thiele, Petra Clara Arck
Pregnancy is likely nature’s most elaborate model of dynamic adaptations occurring over a distinct period of time at specific sites of the maternal body. Spatially-resolved transcriptomic analyses now enable the comprehensive decoding of these dynamic adaptations during the early onset stages of mammalian pregnancies and throughout fetal development.
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Immune-featured decidual stromal cells: pregnancy's multitasking superstars Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
Pregnancy poses an immunological challenge, since the mother's immune system must adapt to tolerate the developing embryo until birth. The mechanisms governing this maternal–fetal dialogue have traditionally centered on the immune system. Yang et al. propose a new concept: immune-featured decidual stromal cells (DSCs), which emerge as pivotal players in mammalian maternal–fetal crosstalk.
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Mind the GAP: RASA2 and RASA3 GTPase-activating proteins as gatekeepers of T cell activation and adhesion Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Kristoffer H. Johansen, Dominic P. Golec, Klaus Okkenhaug, Pamela L. Schwartzberg
Following stimulation, the T cell receptor (TCR) and its coreceptors integrate multiple intracellular signals to initiate T cell proliferation, migration, gene expression, and metabolism. Among these signaling molecules are the small GTPases RAS and RAP1, which induce MAPK pathways and cellular adhesion to activate downstream effector functions. Although many studies have helped to elucidate the signaling
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On developmental programming of the immune system Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Jun Young Hong, Ruslan Medzhitov
Early-life environmental exposures play a significant role in shaping long-lasting immune phenotypes and disease susceptibility. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the developmental programming of immunity is limited. We propose that the vertebrate immune system contains durable programmable components established through early environmental interactions and maintained in a stable and homeostatic
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Human macrophages choreograph tissue development Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Elvira Mass
Yolk sac-derived macrophages have been described to promote organogenesis and tissue function in animal models, but the relevance of these studies for humans has been debated. Wang et al. reveal that human macrophage development follows similar developmental trajectories with functionally distinct macrophage populations across tissues as observed in mice.
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IL-2-driven CD8+ T cell phenotypes: implications for immunotherapy Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Veronika Niederlova, Oksana Tsyklauri, Marek Kovar, Ondrej Stepanek
The therapeutic potential of interleukin (IL)-2 in cancer treatment has been known for decades, yet its widespread adoption in clinical practice remains limited. Recently, chimeric proteins of an anti-PD-1 antibody and suboptimal IL-2 variants were shown to stimulate potent antitumor and antiviral immunity by inducing unique effector CD8+ T cells in mice. A similar subset of cytotoxic T cells is induced
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Unleashing dendritic cell-mediated tumor clearance by targeting Bcl-2 Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-07 Seamus J. Martin
Bcl-2 family proteins serve as key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently overexpressed in cancer. Consequently, small-molecule Bcl-2-antagonists (BH3 mimetics) have emerged as a new class of targeted therapeutics. A recent study by Zhao et al. has unexpectedly found that BH3 mimetics can also activate dendritic cells (DCs) to prime for T cell-mediated tumor clearance.
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Interplay between epigenetic and genetic alterations in inborn errors of immunity Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-07 Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva, Celia L. Calvillo, Lisa R. Forbes Satter, Esteban Ballestar
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) comprise a variety of immune conditions leading to infections, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Some IEIs have no identified mutation(s), while others with identical mutations can display heterogeneous presentations. These observations suggest the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic alterations can arise from downstream activation of cellular pathways
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Dietary fibers affecting gastrointestinal immunity Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Dietary fibers, including chitin, have a major impact on gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and immunity. Two recent articles, by Parrish et al. and Kim et al., credit depletion of dietary fibers or supplementation with chitin, with negative and positive effects, respectively, on the immune system of the murine digestive tract. This has relevant implications for food allergies and systemic metabolism
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Monoclonal antibodies lock down SARS-CoV-2 spike Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Hsiang-Chi Huang, Davide Angeletti
SARS-CoV-2 rapidly accumulated mutations in its immunodominant receptor-binding domain (RBD), rendering all clinically authorized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) ineffective. Liu et al. unveil potent human mAbs that neutralize all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants by locking the Spike protein RBD in a downward conformation, thus inhibiting receptor engagement.
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Subscription and Copyright Information Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-28
Abstract not available
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Do antigen-presenting CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d molecules bind different self-lipids? Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Ildiko Van Rhijn
Humans express four different lipid antigen-presenting molecules, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d, that are differentially expressed on antigen-presenting cells and which recycle through different endosomal compartments. Huang et al. now answer the question on whether the four CD1 isoforms selectively bind certain lipids.
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The diversity of cGLR receptors: shedding new light on innate immunity Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Alexander E. Downie
The characterization of a new group of innate pattern recognition receptors detected in >500 species across the tree of life by Li et al. reveals surprising commonalities and peculiarities shared with other innate receptors. Receptor diversity within and among species opens the way to reconsidering the costs and benefits of innate immune recognition.
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cGAS-like receptors: back to the future Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Fiachra Humphries
Recent studies have characterized ancient forms of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-like receptors (cGLRs) in bacterial and Drosophila immunity. Using bioinformatics and biochemical screening, Li et al. recently constructed and characterized >3000 cGLRs to reveal conserved mechanisms of nucleic acid sensing across animal immunity.
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pH sensing at the intersection of tissue homeostasis and inflammation Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Stephanie Hajjar, Xu Zhou
pH is tightly maintained at cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, and altered pH – particularly in the acidic range – is associated with infection, injury, solid tumors, and physiological and pathological inflammation. However, how pH is sensed and regulated and how it influences immune responses remain poorly understood at the tissue level. Applying conceptual frameworks of homeostatic and inflammatory
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Klebsiella pneumoniae: adaptive immune landscapes and vaccine horizons Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Paeton L. Wantuch, David A. Rosen
Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most common antibiotic-resistant pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Additionally, it is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and childhood mortality across the globe. Despite its clinical importance, we are only beginning to understand how the mammalian adaptive immune system responds to this pathogen. Further, many studies investigating potential K. pneumoniae
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Over but not gone: lingering epigenetic effects of COVID-19 Trends Immunol. (IF 16.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Brandon T. Tran, Ruoqiong Cao, Katherine Y. King
‘Long COVID’ affects nearly one in five adults who have had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the mechanisms underlying this disorder remain poorly understood. In a new study, Cheong et al. show that the epigenetic and transcriptional state of myeloid immune cells and their progenitors are durably altered in patients following severe COVID-19.