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Quantum interference effects in a 3D topological insulator with high-temperature bulk-insulating behavior Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Weiyao Zhao, Kaijian Xing, Lei Chen, Thi-Hai-Yen Vu, Golrokh Akhgar, Yahua He, Abdulhakim Bake, Xiaolin Wang, Julie Karel
The Bi2Se3-family of 3D topological insulators (3DTI) exhibit insulating bulk states and surface states presenting a Dirac cone. At low temperatures, the conduction channels through the bulk of the material are fully gapped, making 3DTIs perfect systems to study the 2D transport behavior of Dirac fermions. Here, we report a 3DTI Bi1.1Sb0.9STe2 with a reduced level of defects, and thus, high-temperature
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High-mobility wide bandgap amorphous gallium oxide thin-film transistors for NMOS inverters Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Yong Zhang, Chi-Hsin Huang, Kenji Nomura
Wide bandgap gallium oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) is promising for next-generation sustainable energy-efficient power electronics. In particular, amorphous oxide channel exhibits inherent advantages on mass productions based on a low-temperature processability compatible with cost-effective large-sized glass. Here, we developed hydrogen defect termination to produce amorphous-GaOx (a-GaOx) channel
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The birth of zinc anode-based electrochromic devices Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jingwei Chen, Bing Xu, Yingxin Zhang, Wu Zhang, Huanlei Wang, Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi, Linhua Liu, William W. Yu, Haizeng Li
Since the discovery of electrochemical coloration phenomenon, electrochromic devices capable of monitoring transmittance, reflectance, and absorption at designated wavelengths have embraced great achievements. The marriage of electrochemistry and optical modulation has infused fascinating properties in electrochromic devices, which find applications in thermal management, display, smart windows, and
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Customizing polymeric binders for advanced lithium batteries: Design principles and beyond Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Jieun Kang, Jin Yong Kwon, Dong-Yeob Han, Soojin Park, Jaegeon Ryu
As society strides toward a sustainable future powered by lithium-ion batteries, the integral role of polymeric binders becomes increasingly evident. Historically serving as a film former and chemical adhesive that amalgamates the active host materials and conductive carbon in battery electrodes, their role has been redefined with the advent of innovative battery systems and host materials. These emerging
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Designing workflows for materials characterization Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Sergei V. Kalinin, Maxim Ziatdinov, Mahshid Ahmadi, Ayana Ghosh, Kevin Roccapriore, Yongtao Liu, Rama K. Vasudevan
Experimental science is enabled by the combination of synthesis, imaging, and functional characterization organized into evolving discovery loop. Synthesis of new material is typically followed by a set of characterization steps aiming to provide feedback for optimization or discover fundamental mechanisms. However, the sequence of synthesis and characterization methods and their interpretation, or
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A comparison of current analytical methods for detecting particulate matter and micro/nanoplastics Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Chloe Thomas, Togzhan Spatayeva, Dawon Yu, Andrew Loh, Un Hyuk Yim, Jeong-Yeol Yoon
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly found in all realms of the world, including water and soil. Now, there is growing concern over this type of pollution in the air. Many well-established techniques exist for detecting particulate matter (PM) in the air. They are low-cost and handheld, and some of them even allow direct detection from the air. While various MNP detection methods have been
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Cross-linking polymerization and carbonization of biomass chlorophyll for carbon dot-based electroluminescent devices with ultra-narrow-emission Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Qi Dang, Biao Zhao, Mengyun Zheng, Chengyang Zhang, Runnan Yu, Songnan Qu, Haoran Jia, Zhan'ao Tan
Exploiting narrow-bandwidth-emission fluorescent materials is crucial for next-generation wide-color gamut displays. Inspired by the narrow-bandwidth-emission characteristic of chlorophyll derivates, the present work develops a facile strategy to synthesize a series of red-emitting chlorophyll-structured CDs (CHL-CDs) with ultra-high color purity and good carrier mobility from different traditional
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Cooperative near- and far-field thermal management via diffusive superimposed dipoles Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Pengfei Zhuang, Xinchen Zhou, Liujun Xu, Jiping Huang
Active metadevices with external excitations exhibit significant potential for advanced heat regulation. Nonetheless, conventional inputs, like heating/cooling and introducing convection by rotating plate, display inherent limitations. One is the only focus on far-field control to eliminate temperature distortion in the background while neglecting near-field regulation in the functional region. Another
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The quest for harnessing nuclear effects in graphene-based devices Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 V. Strenzke, M. Prada, J. M. J. Lopes, L. Tiemann, R. H. Blick
The recent successes of superconducting qubits and the demonstration of quantum supremacy over classical bits herald a new era for information processing. Yet, the field is still in its infancy and there exist viable alternative candidates that can also store quantum information. In this review, we will highlight ideas, attempts, and the experimental progress to address nuclear spins in graphene, a
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Charge carrier trapping management in Bi3+ and lanthanides doped Li(Sc,Lu)GeO4 for x-ray imaging, anti-counterfeiting, and force recording Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Tianshuai Lyu, Pieter Dorenbos
Discovering energy storage materials with rationally controlled trapping and de-trapping of electrons and holes upon x-rays, UV-light, or mechanical force stimulation is challenging. Such materials enable promising applications in various fields, for instance in multimode anti-counterfeiting, x-ray imaging, and non-real-time force recording. In this work, photoluminescence spectroscopy, the refined
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Current status and challenges for hole-selective poly-silicon based passivating contacts Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Rabin Basnet, Di Yan, Di Kang, Mohamed M. Shehata, Pheng Phang, Thien Truong, James Bullock, Heping Shen, Daniel Macdonald
Doped polysilicon (poly-Si) passivating contacts have emerged as a key technology for the next generation of silicon solar cells in mass production, owing to their excellent performance and high compatibility with the existing passivated emitter and rear cell technology. However, the current solar cell architecture based on a rear-side electron-selective (n+) poly-Si contact is also approaching its
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Electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN) transistor—An ultrasensitive VOC and gas sensor Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Anwesha Mukherjee, Idan Shem Tov, Yossi Rosenwaks
The perpetual need for high-performance volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors remains prevalent across diverse sectors including environmental health monitoring, industrial operations, and medical diagnostics. Within this context, the electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN) sensor, a silicon-on-insulator-based multiple-gate field-effect transistor, is an ultrasensitive and selective VOC and gas sensing
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Sliding-mediated ferroelectric phase transition in CuInP2S6 under pressure Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Zhou Zhou, Jun-Jie Zhang, Gemma F. Turner, Stephen A. Moggach, Yulia Lekina, Samuel Morris, Shun Wang, Yiqi Hu, Qiankun Li, Jinshuo Xue, Zhijian Feng, Qingyu Yan, Yuyan Weng, Bin Xu, Yong Fang, Ze Xiang Shen, Liang Fang, Shuai Dong, Lu You
Interlayer stacking order has recently emerged as a unique degree of freedom to control crystal symmetry and physical properties in two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials and heterostructures. By tuning the layer stacking pattern, symmetry-breaking and electric polarization can be created in otherwise non-polar crystals, whose polarization reversal depends on the interlayer sliding motion. Herein
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Strain-controlled oxygen vacancy for robust ferroelectric BiSmFe2O6- δ double-perovskite epitaxial thin films Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Jie Tu, Yue-Wen Fang, Yue Lu, Hangren Li, Guoqiang Xi, Jiaqi Ding, Xudong Liu, Xiuqiao Liu, Qianqian Yang, Jianjun Tian, Linxing Zhang
Strain engineering is an important method to control the structure and properties of functional thin films. Here, a new method to induce chemical strain through controllable substrate strain is proposed, which was first applied to double-perovskite thin films. We significantly improved the ferroelectricity of BiSmFe2O6-δ double-perovskite thin films to ∼4.80 μC/cm2, approximately improved six times
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Single-photon extraction via spatial topological transition Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Zijian Qin, Lian Shen, Mikhail Shalaginov, Huaping Wang, Hongsheng Chen, Xiao Lin
Scalable integrated single-photon sources are critical for quantum photonics and can enable applications such as high-speed quantum communication and quantum information processing. Ideally, to establish a scalable platform, such single-photon sources require emission speed-up and efficient extraction in a single architecture, especially for extremely large extraction decay rates. However, this goal
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Programmable integrated photonic coherent matrix: Principle, configuring, and applications Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Bo Wu, Hailong Zhou, Jianji Dong, Xinliang Zhang
Every multi-input multi-output linear optical system can be deemed as a matrix multiplier that carries out a desired transformation on the input optical information, such as imaging, modulation, and computing. The strong programmability of the optical matrix has been explored and proved to be able to bring more flexibility and greater possibilities to the applications such as optical signal processing
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Grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials for energy applications: First principles modeling and electron microscopy Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 J. Quirk, M. Rothmann, W. Li, D. Abou-Ras, K. P. McKenna
Polycrystalline materials are ubiquitous in technology, and grain boundaries have long been known to affect materials properties and performance. First principles materials modeling and electron microscopy methods are powerful and highly complementary for investigating the atomic scale structure and properties of grain boundaries. In this review, we provide an introduction to key concepts and approaches
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Metal anodes meet ionic liquids: An interfacial perspective Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Rabia Jamil, Suraj Loomba, Mega Kar, Gavin E. Collis, Debbie S. Silvester, Nasir Mahmood
Ionic liquids (ILs) are nonvolatile, intrinsically conductive electrolytes with high thermal and electrochemical stability. They represent a fascinating yet-to-be-fully exploited electrolyte class that could be appropriate for metal anode batteries. Through their chemical design and structure modification, ILs are highly tunable electrolytes. Exploring the impact of their different structures on the
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In situ cryptography in a neuromorphic vision sensor based on light-driven memristors Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Lingxiang Hu, Jiale Shao, Jingrui Wang, Peihong Cheng, Li Zhang, Yang Chai, Zhizhen Ye, Fei Zhuge
Vision sensors are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, and they continuously collect, store, communicate, and process vast amount of sensitive data that are vulnerable to being stolen and misused. Existing cryptosystems based on complex cipher algorithms generally require extensive computational resources, making them difficult to use in vision sensors that have limited processing capabilities. Here
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Strain-enhanced dynamic ranges in two-dimensional MoS2 and MoTe2 nanomechanical resonators Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Pengcheng Zhang, Yueyang Jia, Zuheng Liu, Rui Yang
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising for atomic-scale, ultralow-power, and highly tunable resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) in sensing, communications, and computing. Toward these applications, a broad and controllable linear dynamic range (DR) is desirable for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reliability. Here, we develop a comprehensive strain-enhanced DR model for
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Interplay of graphene–DNA interactions: Unveiling sensing potential of graphene materials Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Yanjing Gao, Yichun Wang
Graphene-based materials and DNA probes/nanostructures have emerged as building blocks for constructing powerful biosensors. Graphene-based materials possess exceptional properties, including two-dimensional atomically flat basal planes for biomolecule binding. DNA probes serve as excellent selective probes, exhibiting specific recognition capabilities toward diverse target analytes. Meanwhile, DNA
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Periodic dynamics of optical skyrmion lattices driven by symmetry Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Qiang Zhang, Aiping Yang, Zhenwei Xie, Peng Shi, Luping Du, Xiaocong Yuan
The recently developed concept of optical skyrmions has introduced an exciting dimension to the emerging field of Poincaré engineering in optical lattices. There remains an unexplored territory in investigating system geometries to enhance the versatility of manipulating the topological landscape within optical lattices. Here, we present both experimental and theoretical evidence showcasing the periodic
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Alloying effect of rare-earth tritellurides on the charge density wave and magnetic properties Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Kentaro Yumigeta, Jan Kopaczek, Yashika Attarde, Mohammed Y. Sayyad, Mark Blei, Seyed Tohid Rajaei Moosavy, Anvesh Yarra, Hayley Ruddick, Blake Povilus, Rounak Banerjee, Yunbo Ou, Sefaattin Tongay
Among many van der Waals materials rare-earth tritellurides (RTe3) allow studying several phenomena like magnetic, superconducting, and charge density wave (CDW). These studies show the effect of cationic alloying of antiferromagnetic RTe3 for fully tunable near room-temperature CDW properties. DyxGd1−xTe3 and DyxTb1−xTe3 alloys were synthesized through a chemical vapor transport technique, and the
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Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy from first principles Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Jannis Krumland, Michele Guerrini, Antonietta De Sio, Christoph Lienau, Caterina Cocchi
The recent development of multidimensional ultrafast spectroscopy techniques calls for the introduction of computational schemes that allow for the simulation of such experiments and the interpretation of the corresponding results from a microscopic point of view. In this work, we present a general and efficient first-principles scheme to compute two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy maps based on
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White emission metal halides for flexible and transparent x-ray scintillators Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Shuangyi Zhao, Jinrong Zhao, Saif M. H. Qaid, Dehai Liang, Kang An, Wensi Cai, Qingkai Qian, Zhigang Zang
Flat-panel x-ray scintillators with a high spatial resolution at a low radiation dose rate are desirable for efficient imaging applications in medical diagnostics, security inspection, and nondestructive inspection. To promote the progress of x-ray imaging technologies, it is of great interest to explore transparent scintillators with reduced light scattering, high light yields, and uniform radioluminescence
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Crystal-liquid duality driven ultralow two-channel thermal conductivity in α-MgAgSb Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Jingyu Li, Xiyang Li, Yongsheng Zhang, Jianbo Zhu, Enyue Zhao, Maiko Kofu, Kenji Nakajima, Maxim Avdeev, Peng-Fei Liu, Jiehe Sui, Huaizhou Zhao, Fangwei Wang, Junrong Zhang
The desire for intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) in thermoelectrics motivates numerous efforts on understanding the microscopic mechanisms of heat transport in solids. Here, based on theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that α-MgAgSb hosts low-energy localized phonon bands and avoided crossing of the rattler modes, which coincides with the inelastic neutron scattering result.
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Resonant anomalous Hall effect in a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Lutong Sheng, Yao Zhang, Jinlong Wang, Peng Chen, Junfeng Hu, Jihao Xia, Guibin Lan, Jilei Chen, Kanglin Yu, Yuelin Zhang, Xiufeng Han, Song Liu, Dapeng Yu, Simon Granville, Haiming Yu
The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been widely studied and is well-known in ferromagnetic metals. It is usually investigated in the static regime with the magnetization at equilibrium. In this work, we study the AHE in the dynamic regime where the magnetization is resonantly excited. The microwave-induced ac current and magnetization precession both at GHz frequencies can cooperatively generate a
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Emerging optoelectronic artificial synapses and memristors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Pengshan Xie, Dengji Li, SenPo Yip, Johnny C. Ho
The Von Neumann architecture has been the foundation of modern computing systems. Still, its limitations in processing large amounts of data and parallel processing have become more apparent as computing requirements increase. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the architecture of the human brain, has emerged as a promising solution for developing next-generation computing and memory devices with
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Microfluidic organ chip of fluid–solid dynamic curved interface Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Haoran Su, Tianxiang Ma, Xiao Liu, Li Wang, Fangjun Shu, Zhuqing Liang, Dongrui Zhang, Xing Zhang, Kexin Li, Min Wang, Chen Xin, Yu Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yao Du, Yubo Fan
Dynamic curved interfaces are fundamental and ubiquitous structures in biological systems. However, replicating the structure and function associated with these interfaces for mechanobiology and drug screening is challenging. Here, we develop a dynamic curvature-enabled microfluidic organ chip of two fluid–solid dynamic curved interfaces. One interface effectively integrates adjustable biomechanics
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Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Nicholas Jeffreys, Joshua M. Brockman, Yunhao Zhai, Donald E. Ingber, David J. Mooney
Adoptive T cell immunotherapies, including engineered T cell receptor (eTCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies, have shown efficacy in treating a subset of hematologic malignancies, exhibit promise in solid tumors, and have many other potential applications, such as in fibrosis, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine. While immunoengineering has focused on designing biomaterials
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Superconducting microwave cavities and qubits for quantum information systems Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Alex Krasnok, Pashupati Dhakal, Arkady Fedorov, Pedro Frigola, Michael Kelly, Sergey Kutsaev
Superconducting microwave cavities featuring ultrahigh Q-factors, which measure the efficiency of energy storage in relation to energy loss in a system, are revolutionizing quantum computing by providing long coherence times exceeding 1 ms, crucial for the development of scalable multi-qubit quantum systems with low error rates. In this work, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent advances in ultrahigh
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Nonlinear nanoresonators for Bell state generation Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Maximilian A. Weissflog, Romain Dezert, Vincent Vinel, Carlo Gigli, Giuseppe Leo, Thomas Pertsch, Frank Setzpfandt, Adrien Borne, Sina Saravi
Entangled photon states are a fundamental resource for optical quantum technologies and investigating the fundamental predictions of quantum mechanics. Up to now such states are mainly generated in macroscopic nonlinear optical systems with elaborately tailored optical properties. In this theoretical work, we extend the understanding on the generation of entangled photonic states toward the nanoscale
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A new frontier of flexible energy devices: Aqueous proton supercapacitors Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Jing Liang, Wei Wu
Aqueous proton supercapacitors are considered as promising energy storage devices for next-generation wearable electronics due to their high energy density, rapid kinetics, long cycles, and reliable safety. As of now, the research for electrochemical proton energy storage entails more holistic considerations. In this review, we provide a timely and comprehensive review of recent advances in electrochemical
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Reconfigurable multifunctional neuromorphic memristor fabricated from two-dimensional ReSe2 ferroelectric nanosheet films Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Hong Wang, Jialiang Yang, Zhisheng Wang, Yiduo Shao, Yusong Tang, Jianxin Guo, Xiaobing Yan
Memristor-based neuromorphic computing is beneficial for artificial intelligence to process external information autonomously with high speed and high efficiency. Two-dimensional (2D) layered van der Waals rhenium selenide (ReSe2) has optoelectronic and semiconductor properties, but its ferroelectricity has not been confirmed fully experimentally and the application exploration is currently limited
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Two-dimensional Rashba superconductivity in Ni/Bi bilayers evidenced by nonreciprocal transport Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Hiroki Hayashi, Kazuya Ando
When two different materials are brought together, a plethora of quantum phenomena and functionalities can emerge. A prominent example is the superconductivity in Ni/Bi bilayers, which arises from the artificial layered structure composed of the non-superconducting ferromagnetic and heavy metals. Although this system has been shown to exhibit unconventional superconducting properties, the underlying
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Atomic layer deposition of magnetic thin films: Basic processes, engineering efforts, and road forward Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Topias Jussila, Anish Philip, Tripurari Tripathi, Kornelius Nielsch, Maarit Karppinen
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is known as a key enabler of the continuous advances in device engineering for microelectronics. For instance, the state-of-the-art transistor technology depends entirely on ALD-grown high-κ materials. Another application branch where ALD could potentially play a similar important role in future is the magnetic thin film devices. Spin-based devices based on high-quality
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Spin–orbital coupling in all-inorganic metal-halide perovskites: The hidden force that matters Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Pradeep Raja Anandan, Muhammad Nadeem, Chun-Ho Lin, Simrjit Singh, Xinwei Guan, Jiyun Kim, Shamim Shahrokhi, Md Zahidur Rahaman, Xun Geng, Jing-Kai Huang, Hien Nguyen, Hanlin Hu, Pankaj Sharma, Jan Seidel, Xiaolin Wang, Tom Wu
Highlighted with improved long-term thermal and environmental stability, all-inorganic metal halide perovskites exhibit tunable physical properties, cost-effective synthesis, and satisfactory optoelectronic performance, attracting increasing research interest worldwide. However, a less explored feature of these materials is their strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which is the hidden force influencing
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Roadmap for focused ion beam technologies Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Katja Höflich, Gerhard Hobler, Frances I. Allen, Tom Wirtz, Gemma Rius, Lisa McElwee-White, Arkady V. Krasheninnikov, Matthias Schmidt, Ivo Utke, Nico Klingner, Markus Osenberg, Rosa Córdoba, Flyura Djurabekova, Ingo Manke, Philip Moll, Mariachiara Manoccio, José María De Teresa, Lothar Bischoff, Johann Michler, Olivier De Castro, Anne Delobbe, Peter Dunne, Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy, Natalie Frese
The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful tool for fabrication, modification, and characterization of materials down to the nanoscale. Starting with the gallium FIB, which was originally intended for photomask repair in the semiconductor industry, there are now many different types of FIB that are commercially available. These instruments use a range of ion species and are applied broadly in materials
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Conformal invariance of 2D quantum turbulence in an exciton–polariton fluid of light Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 R. Panico, A. S. Lanotte, D. Trypogeorgos, G. Gigli, M. De Giorgi, D. Sanvitto, D. Ballarini
The similarities of quantum turbulence with classical hydrodynamics allow quantum fluids to provide essential models of their classical analog, paving the way for fundamental advances in physics and technology. Recently, experiments on 2D quantum turbulence observed the clustering of same-sign vortices in strong analogy with the inverse energy cascade of classical fluids. However, self-similarity of
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Synchronized B-site alloying for high-efficiency inorganic tin–lead perovskite solar cells Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Ting Zhang, Feng Wang, Hao Chen, Feng Qian, Jian Li, Hualin Zheng, Shihao Yuan, Xuefeng Peng, Yafei Wang, Jiang Huang, Hao Cui, Zhinong Yu, Zhi David Chen, Shibin Li
Inorganic tin–lead perovskites with low bandgap (1.2–1.4 eV) are desired absorber materials for solar cells owing to their ideal bandgap and compositional stability. However, such tin–lead perovskites are currently subject to inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the origin remains unclear. Here, for the first time, we report the metal-cation-derived unsynchronized crystallization behavior
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Discovering a Wigner-like crystal and soft x-ray correlated plasmons and their couplings in a transition metal dichalcogenide Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 T. J. Whitcher, C. Diao, A. D. Fauzi, J. W. Kwan, X. Chi, M. A. Naradipa, N. D. Loh, M. B. H. Breese, A. Rusydi
Low-dimensional systems host many exotic physical properties. Using extended resonant soft x-ray scattering supported with theoretical calculations, we observe concomitantly a Wigner-like crystal in a stripe-like QHKL = (001) superlattice with surprisingly long coherence lengths and new soft x-ray correlated plasmons in WS2. A new electronic transition is found at 125 K upon cooling, which is a transition
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Disentangling stress and strain effects in ferroelectric HfO2 Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Tingfeng Song, Veniero Lenzi, José P. B. Silva, Luís Marques, Ignasi Fina, Florencio Sánchez
Ferroelectric HfO2 films are usually polycrystalline and contain a mixture of polar and nonpolar phases. This challenges the understanding and control of polar phase stabilization and ferroelectric properties. Several factors, such as dopants, oxygen vacancies, or stress, among others, have been investigated and shown to have a crucial role on optimizing the ferroelectric response. Stress generated
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Terahertz spin currents resolved with nanometer spatial resolution Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Jiahua Cai, Mingcong Dai, Sai Chen, Peng Chen, Jiaqi Wang, Hongting Xiong, Zejun Ren, Shaojie Liu, Zhongkai Liu, Caihua Wan, Ming Bai, Xiaojun Wu
The development of coherent terahertz (THz) spin currents with femtosecond temporal resolution has been extensively studied due to its significant implications for advancing high-speed information processing devices. However, the precise spatial resolution of THz spin currents, which is crucial for increasing storage density, is still unknown. In this study, we employ spintronic THz emission nanoscopy
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Daytime air–water harvesting based on super hygroscopic porous gels with simultaneous adsorption–desorption Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Chengjie Xiang, Xinge Yang, Fangfang Deng, Zhihui Chen, Ruzhu Wang
In recent years, solar-powered, passive adsorption-based air–water harvesting has shown tremendous potential in addressing freshwater shortages in arid regions. Although remarkable progress has been witnessed in unlocking the potential of new adsorbents in the laboratory, the productivity of freshwater is still limited by the slow adsorption kinetic, the large latent heat of water evaporation, and
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In vivo continuous monitoring of peptides and proteins: Challenges and opportunities Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Ellie Wilson, David Probst, Koji Sode
Fluctuations in the systemic concentration levels of metabolites, nutritionally relevant peptide hormones, protein biomarkers, and therapeutic materials provide a wealth of information that can be used to inform real-time clinical intervention. Thus, therapeutic outcomes for many disease states could be improved through the implementation of continuous monitoring systems. The most well-represented
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Probing van der Waals magnetic surface and interface via circularly polarized X-rays Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Wen Zhang, Qiang Fu, Jiahui Li, Beilei Lian, Yuze Xia, Liguo Zhou, Andrew Thye Shen Wee, Ping Kwan Johnny Wong
Advances in research of magnetic two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials have opened up new opportunities in miniaturization of spintronic devices at the atomically thin limit. One major research thrust, which is the subject of this review, is that the magnetism of 2D vdW materials and their derived hetero-interface may be significantly affected by the local atomic geometry and environment
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Graphene nanocomposites for real-time electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide in biological systems Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Tanveer A. Tabish, Yangzhi Zhu, Shubhangi Shukla, Sachin Kadian, Gurneet S. Sangha, Craig A. Lygate, Roger J. Narayan
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays many pivotal roles impacting almost every organ function in mammalian physiology, most notably in cardiovascular homeostasis, inflammation, and neurological regulation. Consequently, the ability to make real-time and continuous measurements of NO is a prerequisite research tool to understand fundamental biology in health and disease. Despite considerable success in
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Contact engineering for graphene nanoribbon devices Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Zafer Mutlu, Christina Dinh, Gabriela Borin Barin, Peter H. Jacobse, Aravindh Kumar, Debanjan Polley, Hanuman Singh, Ziyi Wang, Yuxuan Cosmi Lin, Adam Schwartzberg, Michael F. Crommie, Klaus Mullen, Pascal Ruffieux, Roman Fasel, Jeffrey Bokor
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), when synthesized with atomic precision by bottom–up chemical approaches, possess tunable electronic structure, and high theoretical mobility, conductivity, and heat dissipation capabilities, which makes them an excellent candidate for channel material in post-silicon transistors. Despite their immense potential, achieving highly transparent contacts for efficient charge
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Enhancing photostability of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite via molecular acceptor passivation of metallic lead defects Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Kitae Kim, Donghee Kang, Sylke Blumstengel, Nicolas Zorn Morales, Emil J. W. List-Kratochvil, Sang Wan Cho, Hyunbok Lee, Soohyung Park, Yeonjin Yi
Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites hold great potential for novel optoelectronic applications. However, their unconventional optoelectronic properties are often compromised by a vulnerability to light irradiation, which leads to the formation of metallic Pb (Pb0) defects. This study investigates the passivation mechanism of these Pb0 defects in phenylethylammonium lead iodide (PEA2PbI4)
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MA2Z4 family heterostructures: Promises and prospects Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Che Chen Tho, San-Dong Guo, Shi-Jun Liang, Wee Liat Ong, Chit Siong Lau, Liemao Cao, Guangzhao Wang, Yee Sin Ang
Recent experimental synthesis of ambient-stable MoSi2N4 monolayer has garnered enormous research interest. The intercalation morphology of MoSi2N4—composed of a transition metal nitride (Mo-N) inner sub-monolayer sandwiched by two silicon nitride (Si-N) outer sub-monolayers—has motivated the computational discovery of an expansive family of synthetic MA2Z4 monolayers with no bulk (3D) material counterpart
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Control spin–orbit coupling through changing the crystal structure of the metal halide perovskites Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Jiaqian Sun, Duo Zhao, Guanhua Li, Chao Li, Zhitao Huang, Keqian Dong, Jing Zhao, Runkang Lin, Yuan Li, Kong Liu, Xiaohui Wang, Zhaofeng Li, Shizhong Yue, Zhijie Wang, Shengchun Qu, Yonghai Chen
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted wide interest in spintronics. In addition, they also perform various spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength due to their complex crystal structures. The control of SOC strength has been an increasingly prevalent topic for the manipulation of the spin degree in spintronic devices. Here, we fabricate MAPbI3 films possessing cubic crystal phase and tetragonal
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High-bandwidth density silicon photonic resonators for energy-efficient optical interconnects Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 A. Novick, A. James, L. Y. Dai, Z. Wu, A. Rizzo, S. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Hattink, V. Gopal, K. Jang, R. Parsons, K. Bergman
The growth of artificial intelligence applications demands ever larger and more complex deep learning models, dominating today's—and tomorrow's—data center and high-performance computing systems. While traditional electronics are failing to keep pace with application demands, silicon photonic (SiPh) interconnects have emerged as a necessary technology to support these systems. SiPh-driven wavelength-division
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Recent advances and future outlook in mode-locked lasers with multimode fibers Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Bo Fu, Ce Shang, Hengyu Liu, Shuzheng Fan, Kangjun Zhao, Yule Zhang, Swelm Wageh, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Xiaogang Wang, Lijun Xu, Xiaosheng Xiao, Han Zhang
Multimode fibers (MMFs) have attracted interest because of their larger mode area and additional spatial degrees of freedom compared with single-mode fibers. Recently, MMFs have been introduced into mode-locked lasers for new cavity structures with better laser performance. Among these lasers, there are two remarkable cases in which MMFs are the key components for mode-locking: One is using a short
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Modular all-day continuous thermal-driven atmospheric water harvester with rotating adsorption strategy Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Zhao Shao, Zhi-Shuo Wang, Haotian Lv, Yu-Cheng Tang, Hongbin Wang, Shuai Du, Ruikun Sun, Xi Feng, Primož Poredoš, Dong-Dong Zhou, Jie-Peng Zhang, Ruzhu Wang
Growing atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology is expected to provide a new solution to global water scarcity. However, the operating strategy of most existing devices is based on solar energy to adsorb at night and desorb during the day. The failure to operate multiple cycles results in the waste of fast sorption kinetics properties and increases both the required weight of adsorbents and the
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Probes for noninvasive biological visualization and biosensing of cancer cells Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Sachin Kadian, Shubhangi Shukla, Roger J. Narayan
The early detection of tumors and precancerous conditions is vital for cancer diagnosis. Advances in fluorescence microscopic techniques and materials synthesis processes have revolutionized biomarker detection and image-guided cancer surveillance. In particular, novel materials-based diagnostic tools and innovative therapies have facilitated a precise understanding of biological processes at the molecular
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Dry electrode geometry optimization for wearable ECG devices Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Peter Francis Mathew Elango, Shanmuga Sundar Dhanabalan, Md Rokunuzzaman Robel, Sherly Pushpam Elango, Sumeet Walia, Sharath Sriram, Madhu Bhaskaran
Wearable electronic devices, particularly for health monitoring, have seen rapid advancements in recent times. Among the various biophysical parameters that are of interest in a wearable device, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is critical as it enables detection of cardiovascular-related ailments and assessment of overall cardiac health. In a wearable ECG device, the choice of electrode design and material
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Direct x-ray scattering signal measurements in edge-illumination/beam-tracking imaging and their interplay with the variance of the refraction signals Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Ian Buchanan, Silvia Cipiccia, Carlo Peiffer, Carlos Navarrete-León, Alberto Astolfo, Tom Partridge, Michela Esposito, Luca Fardin, Alberto Bravin, Charlotte K Hagen, Marco Endrizzi, Peter RT Munro, David Bate, Alessandro Olivo
X-ray dark-field or ultra-small angle scatter imaging has become increasingly important since the introduction of phase-based x-ray imaging and is having transformative impact in fields such as in vivo lung imaging and explosives detection. Here, we show that dark-field images acquired with the edge-illumination method (either in its traditional double mask or simplified single mask implementation)
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A macrocyclic amine-based electrolyte for lithium–sulfur batteries: Li ion encapsulation regulates electrode performance Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Ji Zhou, Wenbing Gong, Xiaodong Meng, Jiawen Zhang, Xueqin Zhou, Shang Chen, Christopher W. Bielawski, Jianxin Geng
The widespread use of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is hindered by slow cathode kinetics, the shuttle effect, and dendrite growth on the anode. We show that these challenges can be overcome by replacing a linear ether (i.e., 1,2-dimethoxyethane) in commonly used electrolytes with a macrocyclic amine, 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (TMTAC). Theoretical studies and experimental
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Untethered kirigami soft robots with programmable locomotion Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Jinqiang Wang, Ruichen Wang, Zixiao Zhu, Kun Zhou, Dong Wang
Kirigami can induce shape transformations in planar and nonplanar geometry by rational cut design, significantly increasing the kinematics degree of freedom. Here, we exploit kirigami metamaterials and hard-magnetic actuation to design untethered soft robots. The kirigami soft robot, consisting of slit perforated kirigami patterns with embedded hard-magnetic disks in each facet, exhibits modularity
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A critical perspective for emerging ultra-thin solar cells with ultra-high power-per-weight outputs Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 15.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Apostolos Panagiotopoulos, Temur Maksudov, George Kakavelakis, George Perrakis, Essa A. Alharbi, Dimitar Kutsarov, Furkan H. Isikgor, Salman Alfihed, Konstantinos Petridis, Maria Kafesaki, S. Ravi P. Silva, Thomas D. Anthopoulos, Michael Graetzel
Ultrathin, solution-processed emerging solar cells with high power-per-weight (PPW) outputs demonstrate unique potential for applications where low weight, high power output, and flexibility are indispensable. The following perspective explores the literature of emerging PVs and highlights the maximum reported PPW values of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) 29.4 W/g, organic solar cells (OSCs) 32.07 W/g