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DNA Strand Displacement Reaction: A Powerful Tool for Discriminating Single Nucleotide Variants

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Abstract

Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) that are strongly associated with many genetic diseases and tumors are important both biologically and clinically. Detection of SNVs holds great potential for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Recent advances in DNA nanotechnology have offered numerous principles and strategies amenable to the detection and quantification of SNVs with high sensitivity, specificity, and programmability. In this review, we will focus our discussion on emerging techniques making use of DNA strand displacement, a basic building block in dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Based on their operation principles, we classify current SNV detection methods into three main categories, including strategies using toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions, toehold-exchange reactions, and enzyme-mediated strand displacement reactions. These detection methods discriminate SNVs from their wild-type counterparts through subtle differences in thermodynamics, kinetics, or response to enzymatic manipulation. The remarkable programmability of dynamic DNA nanotechnology also allows the predictable design and flexible operation of diverse strand displacement probes and/or primers. Here, we offer a systematic survey of current strategies, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms and their applicability to in vitro diagnostics.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21605104) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Foundation (JCYJ20170817101123812).

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  1. Weiyang Tang, Weiye Zhong, Yun Tan and Guan A. Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China

    Weiyang Tang, Weiye Zhong, Yun Tan & Yizhen Liu

  2. Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada

    Guan A. Wang & Feng Li

  3. Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Yizhen Liu

  4. College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China

    Feng Li

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  1. Weiyang Tang
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This article is part of the Topical Collection “DNA Nanotechnology: From Structure to Functionality”; edited by Chunhai Fan, Yonggang Ke.

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Tang, W., Zhong, W., Tan, Y. et al. DNA Strand Displacement Reaction: A Powerful Tool for Discriminating Single Nucleotide Variants. Top Curr Chem (Z) 378, 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0274-z

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