Abstract
Corrosion tests of the 316L and T91 steels were performed in flowing lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) with a flowing velocity of 0.3 m/s at 480 °C up to 3000 h. The microstructure and growth kinetics of the oxide scale and metal dissolution for both steels were experimentally determined. The results showed that a thin Fe–Cr spinel layer is formed on the 316L surface, while the oxide scale on the T91 surface consists of magnetite, Fe–Cr spinel and internal oxidation zone. At the first 1500 h, the growth of the oxide layer follows a linear law and a parabolic law for the 316L and T91, respectively. With the increase in exposure time, the oxide scale on both steels partly spalls and subsequently continues to grow in situ. Compared with the T91, although the oxide scale on the 316L surface is thinner, more steel constituents dissolve into the LBE.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. Greenspan, P. Hejzlar, H. Sekimoto, G. Toshinsky and D. Wade, Nucl. Technol.151, 2005 (177).
Z. Chen, Y. Wu, B. Yuan and D. Pan, Ann. Nucl. Energy75, 2015 (723).
C. Rubbia, J.A. Rubio, S. Buono, F. Carminati, N. Fiétier, J. Galvez, C. Geles, Y. Kadi, R. Klapisch and P. Mandrillon, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1995.
Y. Wu, Y. Bai, Y. Song, Q. Huang, Z. Zhao and L. Hu, Ann. Nucl. Energy87, 2016 (511).
V. Tsisar, C. Schroer, O. Wedemeyer, A. Skrypnik and J. Konys, J. Nucl. Mater.454, 2014 (332).
C. Schroer, O. Wedemeyer, J. Novotny, A. Skrypnik and J. Konys, Nucl. Eng. Des.280, 2014 (661).
A. Heinzel, A. Weisenburger and G. Muller, J. Nucl. Mater.448, 2014 (163).
C. Schroer, A. Skrypnik, O. Wedemeyer and J. Konys, Corros. Sci.61, 2012 (63).
E. Yamaki, K. Ginestar and L. Martinelli, Corros. Sci.53, 2011 (3075).
Q. Q. Shi, J. Liu, H. Luan, Z. G. Yang, W. Wang, W. Yan, Y. Y. Shan and K. Yang, J. Nucl. Mater.457, 2015 (135).
C. Fazio, V. Sobolev, A. Aerts, S. Gavrilov, K. Lambrinou, P. Schuurmans, A. Gessi, P. Agostini, A. Ciampichetti and L. Martinelli, Handbook on Lead-bismuth Eutectic Alloy and Lead Properties, (Materials Compatibility, Thermal-hydraulics and Technologies, OECD, Vienna, Austria, 2015).
A. Weisenburger, G. Müller, A. Heinzel, A. Jianu, H. Muscher and M. Kieser, Nucl. Eng. Des.241, 2011 (1329).
C. Schroer, O. Wedemeyer, A. Skrypnik, J. Novotny and J. Konys, J. Nucl. Mater.431, 2012 (105).
A. Weisenburger, C. Schroer, A. Jianu, A. Heinzel, J. Konys, H. Steiner, G. Muller, C. Fazio, A. Gessi, S. Babayan, A. Kobzova, L. Martinelli, K. Ginestar, F. Balbaud-Celerier, F. J. Martin-Munoz and L. S. Crespo, J. Nucl. Mater.415, 2011 (260).
C. Schroer and J. Konys, J. Eng. Gas. Turb. Power132, 2010 (082901).
Y. Wu, J. Nucl. Mater.386, 2009 (122).
Y. Wu and F. D. S. Team, J. Nucl. Mater.367, 2007 (1410).
Y. Wu and F. D. S. Team, Nucl. Fusion47, 2007 (1533).
Q. Huang and F. D. S. Team, J. Nucl. Mater.455, 2014 (649).
Q. Huang, Y. Wu, J. Li, F. Wan, J. Chen, G. Luo, X. Liu, J. Chen, Z. Xu and X. Zhou, J. Nucl. Mater.386, 2009 (400).
Y. Li, Q. Huang, Y. Wu, T. Nagasaka and T. Muroga, J. Nucl. Mater.367, 2007 (117).
Q. Huang, C. Li, Y. Li, M. Chen, M. Zhang, L. Peng, Z. Zhu, Y. Song and S. Gao, J. Nucl. Mater.367, 2007 (142).
Y. Wu, J. Qian and J. Yu, J. Nucl. Mater.307, 2002 (1629).
Y. Wu, Q. Huang, Z. Zhu, S. Gao and Y. Song, Fusion Sci. Technol.62, 2012 (272).
Y. Wu, J. Jiang, M. Wang, M. Jin and F. D. S. Team, Nucl. Fusion51, 2011 (103036).
Y. Wu and F. D. S. Team, Fusion Eng. Des.81, 2006 (2713).
L. Qiu, Y. Wu, B. Xiao, Q. Xu, Q. Huang, B. Wu, Y. Chen, W. Xu, Y. Chen and X. Liu, Nucl. Fusion40, 2000 (629).
Y. Wu and F. D. S. Team, Fusion Eng. Des.83, 2008 (1683).
Y. Wu, J. Song, H. Zheng, G. Sun, L. Hao, P. Long, L. Hu and F. D. S. Team, Ann. Nucl. Energy82, 2015 (161).
Y. Wu and F. D. S. Team, Fusion Eng. Des.2009, 1987 (84).
L. Martinelli, F. Balbaud-Celerier, A. Terlain, S. Delpech, G. Santarini, J. Favergeon, G. Moulin, M. Tabarant and G. Picard, Corros. Sci.50, 2008 (2523).
C. Schroer, Z. Voss, J. Novotny and J. Konys, Quantification of the degradation of steels exposed to liquid lead-bismuth eutectic, Report FZKA 7224, 2006.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Henan Province Key Specialized Research and Development Breakthrough Program in China (No. 192102210238) and the Scientific Research Project of High-Level Talents of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (No. 201705011). The author would like to express sincere thanks to the members of the FDS team for their contributions to the corrosion testing device.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tian, S.J. Growth and Exfoliation Behavior of the Oxide Scale on 316L and T91 in Flowing Liquid Lead–Bismuth Eutectic at 480 °C. Oxid Met 93, 183–194 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-019-09953-7
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-019-09953-7