Article Text
Abstract
Objectives Familial aggregation of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and co-aggregation of these autoimmune diseases (ADs) (also called familial autoimmunity) is well recognised. However, the genetic predisposition variants that explain this clustering remains poorly defined.
Methods We used whole-exome sequencing on 31 families (9 pSS, 11 SLE, 6 RA and 5 mixed autoimmunity), followed by heterozygous filtering and cosegregation analysis of a family-focused approach to document rare variants predicted to be pathogenic by in silico analysis. Potential importance in immune-related processes, gene ontology, pathway enrichment and overlap analyses were performed to prioritise gene sets.
Results A range from 1 to 50 rare possible pathogenic variants, including 39 variants in immune-related genes across SLE, RA and pSS families, were identified. Among this gene set, regulation of T cell activation (p=4.06×10−7) and T cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathway (p=1.73×10−6) were particularly concentrated, including PTPRC (CD45), LCK, LAT–SLP76 complex genes (THEMIS, LAT, ITK, TEC, TESPA1, PLCL1), DGKD, PRKD1, PAK2 and NFAT5, shared across 14 SLE, RA and pSS families. TCR-interactive genes P2RX7, LAG3, PTPN3 and LAX1 were also detected. Overlap analysis demonstrated that the antiviral immunity gene DUS2 variant cosegregated with SLE, RA and pSS phenotypes in an extended family, that variants in the TCR-pathway genes CD45, LCK and PRKD1 occurred independently in three mixed autoimmunity families, and that variants in CD36 and VWA8 occurred in both RA-pSS and SLE-pSS families.
Conclusions Our preliminary results define common genetic characteristics linked to familial pSS, SLE and RA and highlight rare genetic variations in TCR signalling pathway genes which might provide innovative molecular targets for therapeutic interventions for those three ADs.
- autoimmune diseases
- T cells
- rheumatoid arthritis
- Sjøgren's syndrome
- systemic lupus erythematosus
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Footnotes
Handling editor Josef S Smolen
YW and SC contributed equally.
Correction notice This article has been corrected since it published Online First. Figure 2 has been amended.
Contributors GZ and YW designed the study. YW, JC, XX, SG, CZ, JW, JL, QL and SZ performed experiments and analysed data. GZ, DEF and MM-C wrote the manuscript. SC and RM helped with sample collection.
Funding Supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2014A030307003).
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Ethics approval The Ethics Committee of Shantou Central Hospital.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data availability statement Data are available in a public, open access repository.