Abstract
Novel PdCoAg/C nanostructures were successfully synthesized by the polyol method in order to develop electrocatalysts, related to the glucose sensor performance of the high glycemic index in beverages. The characterization of this novel PdCoAg/C electrocatalyst was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray. The characterization results revealed that electronic state of the PdCoAg/C electro-catalyst was modified by the addition of the third metal. The electrochemical performances of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The prepared enzyme-free sensor exhibited excellent catalytic activity against glucose with a wide detection range (0.005 to 0.35 mmol · L−1), low limit of detection (0.003 mmol · L−1), high sensitivity (4156.34 µA · mmol−1 · L · cm−2), and long-term stability (10 days) because of the synergistic effect between the ternary metals. The glucose contents of several energy drinks, fruit juices, and carbonated beverages were analyzed using the novel PdCoAg/NGCE/C sensor system. These results indicate the feasibility for applications in the foods industry.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mattheeuws D, Rottiers R, Kaneko J J, Vermeulen A. Diabetes-mellitus in dogs—relationship of obesity to glucose-tolerance and insulin-response. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1984, 45(1): 98–103
Pawlak D B, Kushner J A, Ludwig D S. Effects of dietary glycaemic index on adiposity, glucose homoeostasis, and plasma lipids in animals. Lancet, 2004, 364(9436): 778–785
Abete I, Parra D, Martinez J A. Energy-restricted diets based on a distinct food selection affecting the glycemic index induce different weight loss and oxidative response. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Lothian), 2008, 27(4): 545–551
Salek-Maghsoudi A, Vakhshiteh F, Torabi R, Hassani S, Ganjali M R, Norouzi P, Hosseini M, Abdollahi M. Recent advances in biosensor technology in assessment of early diabetes biomarkers. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2018, 99: 122–135
Jiang D, Liu Q, Wang K, Qian J, Dong X Y, Yang Z T, Du X J, Qiu B J. Enhanced non-enzymatic glucose sensing based on copper nanoparticles decorated nitrogen-doped graphene. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2014, 54: 273–278
Shabnam L, Faisal S N, Roy A K, Haque E, Minett A I, Gomes V G. Doped graphene/Cu nanocomposite: A high sensitivity non-enzymatic glucose sensor for food. Food Chemistry, 2017, 221: 751–759
Si P, Huang Y J, Wang T H, Ma J M. Nanomaterials for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. RSC Advances, 2013, 3(11): 3487–3502
Dai X L, Deng W Q, You C, Shen Z, Xiong X L, Sun X P A. Ni3N-Co3N hybrid nanowire array electrode for high-performance nonenzymatic glucose detection. Analytical Methods, 2018, 10(15): 1680–1684
Wang Z, Cao X Q, Liu D N, Hao S, Kong R M, Du G, Asiri A M, Sun X P. Copper-nitride nanowires array: An efficient dual-functional catalyst electrode for sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose andhydrogen peroxide sensing. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2017, 23(21): 4986–1989
Xie F Y, Cao X Q, Qu F L, Asiri A M, Sun X P. Cobalt nitride nanowire array as an efficient electrochemical sensor for glucose and H2O2 detection. Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical, 2018, 255: 1254–1261
Tian L H, Liu L, Li Y Y, Feng X, Wei Q, Cao W. A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. Analytical Methods, 2016, 8(40): 7380–7386
Kazici H C, Salman F, Caglar A, Kivrak H, Aktas N. Synthesis, characterization, and voltammetric hydrogen peroxide sensing on novel monometallic (Ag, Co/MWCNT) and bimetallic (AgCo/MWCNT) alloy nanoparticles. Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanostructures, 2018, 26(3): 145–151
Afraz A, Rafati A A, Hajian A. Analytical sensing of hydrogen peroxide on Ag nanoparticles-multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2013, 17(7): 2017–2025
Sahin O, Kivrak H, Kivrak A, Kazici H C, Alal O, Atbas D. Facile and rapid synthesis of microwave assisted Pd nanoparticles as non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2017, 12(1): 762–769
Kivrak H, Alal O, Atbas D. Efficient and rapid microwave-assisted route to synthesize Pt-MnOx hydrogen peroxide sensor. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 176: 497–503
Guler M, Turkoglu V, Bulut A, Zahmakiran M. Electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide using Pd@Ag bimetallic nanoparticles decorated functionalized reduced graphene oxide. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 263: 118–126
Yang J W, Liang X Y, Cui L, Liu H Y, Xie J B, Liu W X. A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on Pt3Ru1 alloy nanoparticles with high density of surface defects. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2016, 80: 171–174
Li L H, Zhang W D, Ye J S. Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at carbon nanotubes supported PtRu nanoparticles and its detection. Electroanalysis, 2008, 20(20): 2212–2216
Ryu J, Kim K, Kim H S, Hahn H T, Lashmore D. Intense pulsed light induced platinum-gold alloy formation on carbon nanotubes for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2010, 26(2): 602–607
Singh B, Dempsey E, Laffir F. Carbon nanochips and nanotubes decorated PtAuPd-based nanocomposites for glucose sensing: Role of support material and efficient Pt utilisation. Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical, 2014, 205: 401–410
Oyama M, Chen X M, Chen X. Recent nanoarchitectures in metal nanoparticle-graphene nanocomposite modified electrodes for electroanalysis. Analytical Sciences, 2014, 30(5): 529–538
Galvis-Sanchez A C, Santos J R, Rangel A. Standard addition flow method for potentiometric measurements at low concentration levels: Application to the determination of fluoride in food samples. Talanta, 2015, 133(Supp): 1–6
Rousset J L, Bertolini J C, Miegge P. Theory of segregation using the equivalent-medium approximation and bond-strength modifications at surfaces: Application to fee Pd-X alloys. Physical Review. B, 1996, 53(8): 4947–4957
Liu C H, Liu R H, Sun Q J, Chang J B, Gao X, Liu Y, Lee S T, Kang Z H, Wang S D. Controlled synthesis and synergistic effects of graphene-supported PdAu bimetallic nanoparticles with tunable catalytic properties. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(14): 6356–6362
Han Y, Zheng J B, Dong S Y. A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on Ag-MnO2-MWCNTs nanocomposites. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 90: 35–43
Wu G H, Song X H, Wu Y F, Chen X M, Luo F, Chen X. Non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on platinum nanoflowers supported on graphene oxide. Talanta, 2013, 105: 379–385
Zhuang Z J, Su X D, Yuan H Y, Sun Q, Xiao D, Choi M M F. An improved sensitivity non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a CuO nanowire modified Cu electrode. Analyst (London), 2008, 133(1): 126–132
Zhang X J, Wang G F, Zhang W, Wei Y, Fang B. Fixure-reduce method for the synthesis of Cu2O/MWCNTs nanocomposites and its application as enzyme-free glucose sensor. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2009, 24(11): 3395–3398
Yu H, Jian X, Jin J, Zheng X C, Liu R T, Qi G C. Nonenzymatic sensing of glucose using a carbon ceramic electrode modified with a composite film made from copper oxide, overoxidized polypyrrole and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Microchimica Acta, 2015, 182(1–2): 157–165
Kang X H, Mai Z B, Zou X Y, Cai P X, Mo J Y. A sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor in alkaline media with a copper nanocluster/multiwall carbon nano tube-modified glassy carbon electrode. Analytical Biochemistry, 2007, 363(1): 143–150
Zhong G X, Zhang W X, Sun Y M, Wei Y Q, Lei Y, Peng H P, Liu A L, Chen Y Z, Lin X H. A nonenzymatic amperometric glucose sensor based on three dimensional nanostructure gold electrode. Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical, 2015, 212: 72–77
Song J, Xu L, Zhou C Y, Xing R Q, Dai Q L, Liu D L, Song H W. Synthesis of graphene oxide based CuO nanoparticles composite electrode for highly enhanced nonenzymatic glucose detection. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, 5(24): 12928–12934
Gao H C, Xiao F, Ching C B, Duan H W. One-step electrochemical synthesis of PtNi nanoparticle-graphene nanocomposites for none-nzynnatic amperometric glucose detection. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2011, 3(8): 3049–3057
Wang C X, Yin L W, Zhang L Y, Gao R. Ti/TiO2 Nanotube array/Ni composite electrodes for nonenzymatic amperometric glucose sensing. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010, 114(10): 4408–4413
Liotta L F, Puleo F, La Parola V, Leonardi S G, Donato N, Aloisio D, Neri G. La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-delta and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta perovskite materials for H2O2 and glucose electrochemical sensors. Electroanalysis, 2015, 27(3): 684–692
Shan C S, Yang H F, Han D X, Zhang Q X, Ivaska A, Niu L. Graphene/AuNPs/chitosan nanocomposites film for glucose biosensing. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2010, 25(5): 1070–1074
Li X L, Yao J Y, Liu F L, He H C, Zhou M, Mao N, Xiao P, Zhang Y H. Nickel/copper nanoparticles modified TiO2 nanotubes for nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical, 2013, 181: 501–508
Niu X H, Lan M B, Chen C, Zhao H L. Nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on novel Pt-Pd nanoflakes. Talanta, 2012, 99: 1062–1067
Moller M, Over H, Smarsly B, Tarabanko N, Urban S. Electrospun ceria-based nanofibers for the facile assessment of catalyst morphological stability under harsh HCl oxidation reaction conditions. Catalysis Today, 2015, 253: 207–218
Anari R, Amani R, Veissi M. Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption is associated with abdominal obesity risk in diabetic patients. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 2017, 11: 675–678
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Turkey (BAP) project (Project No: FYL-2018-6896).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Salman, F., Kazici, H.C. & Kivrak, H. Electrochemical sensor investigation of carbon-supported PdCoAg multimetal catalysts using sugar-containing beverages. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 14, 629–638 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1840-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1840-1