Abstract
The hysteresis loss and the heat generation of rubber compounds under different ambient temperatures and frequencies were predicted in terms of the viscoelastic theory. The cross-linking densities and the dynamic compressive properties were measured in order to partially reveal the microstructures and the viscoelastic response of rubber specimens. Based on the experimental data of storage and loss moduli, a piecewise fitting method was established to determine the viscoelastic constitutive model parameters. Then the dynamic compressive process of natural rubber specimen was analyzed by the finite element method. The obtained hysteresis loss and the energy dissipation were used to predict the transient and steady-state temperature field. The results reveal that the dependence of rubber hysteresis loss on the frequency at a lower ambient temperature plays a more important role in predicting the heat generation of rubber compounds; the dependence becomes weaker as the ambient temperature increases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banić, M.S., Stamenković, D.S., Miltenović, V., Milošević, M.S., Miltenović, A.V., Ðekić, P.S., Rackov, M.J.: Prediction of heat generation in rubber or rubber-metal springs. Therm. Sci. 16(2), 527–539 (2012)
Bower, D.I.: An Introduction to Polymer Physics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2002)
Ebbott, T., Hohman, R., Jeusette, J.-P., Kerchman, V.: Tire temperature and rolling resistance prediction with finite element analysis. Tire Sci. Technol. 27(1), 2–21 (1999)
Gussoni, M., Greco, F., Mapelli, M., Vezzoli, A., Ranucci, E., Ferruti, P., Zetta, L.: Elastomeric polymers. 2. NMR and NMR imaging characterization of cross-linked PDMS. Macromolecules 35(5), 1722–1729 (2002)
Johnson, A.R., Chen, T.K.: Approximating thermo-viscoelastic heating of largely strained solid rubber components. Comput. Methods Appl. Math. 194(2–5), 313–325 (2005)
Jrad, H., Dion, J.L., Renaud, F., Tawfiq, I., Haddar, M.: Modeling hysteretic friction of viscoelastic components and parameters identification techniques. In: INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, pp. 234–245 (2012a)
Jrad, H., Dion, J.L., Renaud, F., Tawfiq, I., Haddar, M.: Non-linear generalized Maxwell model for dynamic characterization of viscoelastic components and parametric identification techniques. In: ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pp. 291–300 (2012b)
Jrad, H., Dion, J.L., Renaud, F., Tawfiq, I., Haddar, M.: Experimental characterization, modeling and parametric identification of the non linear dynamic behavior of viscoelastic components. Eur. J. Mech. A, Solids 42, 176–187 (2013a)
Jrad, H., Renaud, F., Dion, J.L., Tawfiq, I., Haddar, M.: Experimental characterization, modeling and parametric identification of the hysteretic friction behavior of viscoelastic joints. Int. J. Appl. Mech. 5(02), 1350018 (2013b)
Jrad, H., Dion, J.L., Renaud, F., Tawfiq, I., Haddar, M.: Experimental and numerical investigation of energy dissipation in elastomeric rotational joint under harmonic loading. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 21, 1–22 (2016)
Kar, K.K., Bhowmick, A.K.: Hysteresis loss in filled rubber vulcanizates and its relationship with heat generation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64(8), 1541–1555 (1997)
Kerchman, V., Shaw, C.: Experimental study and finite element simulation of heat build-up in rubber compounds with application to fracture. Rubber Chem. Technol. 76(2), 386–405 (2003)
Lin, Y.J., Hwang, S.J.: Temperature prediction of rolling tires by computer simulation. Math. Comput. Simul. 67(3), 235–249 (2004)
Luo, H., Klüppel, M., Schneider, H.: Study of filled SBR elastomers using NMR and mechanical measurements. Macromolecules 37(21), 8000–8009 (2004)
Luo, R., Wu, W., Mortel, W.: A method to predict the heat generation in a rubber spring used in the railway industry. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., F J. Rail Rapid Transit 219(4), 239–244 (2005)
Luo, W., Hu, X., Wang, C., Li, Q.: Frequency-and strain-amplitude-dependent dynamical mechanical properties and hysteresis loss of CB-filled vulcanized natural rubber. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 52(2), 168–174 (2010)
Mahdi, E., Tan, J.C.: Dynamic molecular interactions between polyurethane and ZIF-8 in a polymer-MOF nanocomposite: microstructural, thermo-mechanical and viscoelastic effects. Polymer 97, 31–43 (2016)
Medalia, A.I.: Heat generation in elastomer compounds: causes and effects. Rubber Chem. Technol. 64(3), 481–492 (1991)
Narasimha, R.K., Kumar, R.K., Bohara, P., Mukhopadhyay, R.: A finite element algorithm for the prediction of steady-state temperatures of rolling tires. Tire Sci. Technol. 34(3), 195–214 (2006)
Pálfi, L., Váradi, K.: Characterization and implementation of the viscoelastic properties of an EPDM rubber into FEA for energy loss prediction. Period. Polytech., Mech. Eng. 54(1), 35 (2010)
Park, S., Kim, Y.: Fitting Prony-series viscoelastic models with power-law presmoothing. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 13(1), 26–32 (2001)
Park, D.M., Hong, W.H., Kim, S.G., Kim, H.J.: Heat generation of filled rubber vulcanizates and its relationship with vulcanizate network structures. Eur. Polym. J. 36(11), 2429–2436 (2000)
Tang, T., Johnson, D., Smith, R.E., Felicelli, S.D.: Numerical evaluation of the temperature field of steady-state rolling tires. Appl. Math. Model. 38(5), 1622–1637 (2014)
Tzikang, C.: Determining a Prony series for a viscoelastic material from time varying strain data (2000)
Zhi, J., Lu, H., Wang, H., Wang, S., Lin, W., Qiao, C., Jia, Y.: Analysis on dynamic compression performance of tire rubber based on generalized Maxwell model. Acta Polym. Sin. 7, 887–894 (2016)
Zhi, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Lu, H., Lin, W., Qiao, C., Hu, C., Jia, Y.: Analysis on energy loss of rubber under dynamic load. Acta Polym. Sin. 4, 708–715 (2017)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Special Research Foundation of China Civil Aircraft (MJ-2015-H-G-103).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhi, J., Wang, S., Zhang, M. et al. Numerical analysis of the dependence of rubber hysteresis loss and heat generation on temperature and frequency. Mech Time-Depend Mater 23, 427–442 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-018-9398-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-018-9398-8