Abstract
Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed to investigate the viscoelastic response of multifunctional laminates for thermal energy storage (TES). The laminates were constituted by a microencapsulated paraffinic phase change material (PCM), a carbon fiber fabric, and an innovative reactive acrylic resin (Elium®). In the Elium®/PCM systems, the PCM fraction affected neither the glass transition temperature (\(T _{\mathrm{g}}\)) of the resin, found at 100–120 ∘C, nor the activation energy of the glass transition, determined with multifrequency scans from the position of the \(\tan\delta \) peaks. On the other hand, the low-temperature (0–40 ∘C) transition detected on the neat resin was hidden by the PCM melting, evidenced by a step in \(E'\) and peaks in \(E''\) and \(\tan \delta \). In the laminates, the amplitude of the \(E'\) step and the intensity of the \(\tan \delta \) peak associated to the PCM melting presented a linear correlation with the PCM content and the melting enthalpy. Cyclic heating/cooling DMA tests showed that the decrease in \(E'\) due to PCM melting was almost completely recovered (90–95%) upon crystallization. The difference between the \(\tan \delta \) peak positions on heating and on cooling decreased from 30 to 12 ∘C when the heating/cooling rate changes from 3 to 1 ∘C/min. Multifrequency tests highlighted that the activation energy of the glass transition of the laminates was lower than that of the matrices, and it did not follow a trend with the PCM fraction. Interestingly, also the \(E''\) and \(\tan \delta \) peaks related to PCM melting depended on the testing frequency, and their asymmetric shape could be interpreted by considering a progressive melting of the PCM in the microcapsules during heating.
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Fredi, G., Dorigato, A. & Pegoretti, A. Dynamic-mechanical response of carbon fiber laminates with a reactive thermoplastic resin containing phase change microcapsules. Mech Time-Depend Mater 24, 395–418 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-019-09427-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-019-09427-y