Abstract
Objective
To evaluate an automatic correction method for velocity offset errors in cardiac 4D-flow acquisitions.
Materials and methods
Velocity offset correction was done in a plane-by-plane scheme and compared to a volumetric approach. Stationary regions were automatically detected. In vitro experiments were conducted in a phantom using two orientations and two encoding velocities (Venc). First- to third-order models were fit to the time-averaged images of the three velocity components. In vivo experiments included realistic ROIs in a volunteer superimposed to a phantom. In 15 volunteers, blood flow volume of the proximal and distal descending aorta, of the pulmonary artery (Qp) and the ascending aorta (Qs) was compared.
Results
Offset errors were reduced after correction with a third-order model, yielding residual phantom velocities below 0.6 cm/s and 0.4% of Venc. The plane-by-plane correction method was more effective than the volumetric approach. Mean velocities through superimposed ROIs of a volunteer vs phantom were highly correlated (r2 = 0.96). The significant difference between proximal and distal descending aortic flows was decreased after correction from 8.1 to − 1.4 ml (p < 0.001) and Qp/Qs reduced from 1.08 ± 0.09 to 1.01 ± 0.05.
Discussion
An automatic third-order model corrected velocity offset errors in 4D-flow acquisitions, achieving acceptable levels for clinical applications.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Prof. Emmanuel Messas, Principal Investigator of the ElastoCardio Project.
Funding
This work was partially supported by grants, PIP no. 1220130100480 (CONICET, Argentine) and PICT no. 2016-0945 (MINCyT, Argentine).
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Study conception and design: DC, EM. Data acquisition: DC, UG, GS, EM. Data analysis and interpretation: DC, AFP, MEC, UG, JA, GS, EM. Manuscript drafting: DC, AFP, MEC, UG, JA, GS, EM. Critical revision: DC, AFP, MEC, UG, JA, GS, EM
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All experiments were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and as approved by the local Ethics Committee.
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10334_2019_765_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Figure 4 Sup Each of the 3D velocity components obtained in a representative sagittal plane of the static phantom are represented after adjustment with a third order model and exclusion of 50% of the inner points. Histograms after correction with a third order model are shown for each velocity component. a = anterior, p = posterior, s = superior, i = inferior, r = right, l = left, SD = standard deviation (TIFF 495 kb)
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Craiem, D., Pascaner, A.F., Casciaro, M.E. et al. Automatic correction of background phase offset in 4D-flow of great vessels and of the heart in MRI using a third-order surface model. Magn Reson Mater Phy 32, 629–642 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-019-00765-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-019-00765-z