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Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model

Molecular Psychiatry volume 25, pages 530–543 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Chronic stress and depressive-like behaviors in basic neuroscience research have been associated with impairments of neuroplasticity, such as neuronal atrophy and synaptic loss in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. The current review presents a novel integrative model of neuroplasticity as a multi-domain neurobiological, cognitive, and psychological construct relevant in depression and other related disorders of negative affect (e.g., anxiety). We delineate a working conceptual model in which synaptic plasticity deficits described in animal models are integrated and conceptually linked with human patient findings from cognitive science and clinical psychology. We review relevant reports including neuroimaging findings (e.g., decreased functional connectivity in prefrontal-limbic circuits), cognitive deficits (e.g., executive function and memory impairments), affective information processing patterns (e.g., rigid, negative biases in attention, memory, interpretations, and self-associations), and patient-reported symptoms (perseverative, inflexible thought patterns; inflexible and maladaptive behaviors). Finally, we incorporate discussion of integrative research methods capable of building additional direct empirical support, including using rapid-acting treatments (e.g., ketamine) as a means to test this integrative model by attempting to simultaneously reverse these deficits across levels of analysis.

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Fig. 1: Regions with prominent neuroplasticity deficits in animal models of depression [4, 5] (in green) and functionally interconnected regions within a cortico-mesolimbic circuit relevant to mood regulation (blue).

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Acknowledgements

This project was supported in part by National Institute of Mental Health grant number R01MH113857 (RBP).

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  1. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Rebecca B. Price

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Ronald Duman

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Price, R.B., Duman, R. Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model. Mol Psychiatry 25, 530–543 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0615-x

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