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Achieving high energy density and high power density with pseudocapacitive materials

Nature Reviews Materials volume 5, pages 5–19 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Batteries and supercapacitors serve as the basis for electrochemical energy-storage devices. Although both rely on electrochemical processes, their charge-storage mechanisms are dissimilar, giving rise to different energy and power densities. Pseudocapacitive materials store charge through battery-like redox reactions but at fast rates comparable to those of electrochemical double-layer capacitors; these materials, therefore, offer a pathway for achieving both high energy and high power densities. Materials that combine these properties are in demand for the realization of fast-charging electrochemical energy-storage devices capable of delivering high power for long periods of time. In this Review, we describe the fundamental electrochemical properties of pseudocapacitive materials, with emphasis on kinetic processes and distinctions between battery and pseudocapacitive materials. In addition, we discuss the various types of pseudocapacitive materials, highlighting the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic materials; assess device applications; and consider the future prospects for the field.

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Fig. 1: Representative characteristics of electrochemical energy-storage materials.
Fig. 2: Electrochemical performance of selected pseudocapacitive materials.
Fig. 3: Comparison of hybrid device architectures and performance.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the US Office of Naval Research (grants nos. N00014-17-1-2244 and N00014-16-1-2164) for supporting their research.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Christopher Choi, David S. Ashby, Danielle M. Butts

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Christopher Choi, David S. Ashby, Danielle M. Butts, Ryan H. DeBlock, Qiulong Wei, Jonathan Lau & Bruce Dunn

  2. Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA

    David S. Ashby

  3. Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Jonathan Lau

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Choi, C., Ashby, D.S., Butts, D.M. et al. Achieving high energy density and high power density with pseudocapacitive materials. Nat Rev Mater 5, 5–19 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0142-z

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