Abstract
The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi. Of these macrofungi, many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years. In this study, we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi. A total of 1662 taxa are summarized, and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases. Among the 1662 taxa, 1020, 692, and 480 are considered to be edible, medicinal and poisonous mushrooms, respectively. A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production. All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species. The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer, followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial. A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity. These species could be treated as “Gold Mushrooms”. Contrarily, 193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms. To avoid poisoning caused by these species, ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important. However, the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored. How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.
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Acknowledgements
The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. U1802231 & 31701978), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program (Grant No. 2019QZKK0503) and The Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China (2019HJ2096001006). LWZ and ZLY thanks to the financial supports by Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2017240) and by the Yunling scholars funds of Yunnan Provincial Government, respectively. We express our gratitude to Drs. Bao-Kai Cui (Beijing, China), Shuang-Hui He (Beijing, China), Rui-Lin Zhao (Beijing, China), Tie-Zheng Wei (Beijing, China), Xiang-Hua Wang (Kunming, China), Ping Zhang (Changsha, China), Hong Wei (Helsinki, Finland) and Prof. Kevin D. Hyde (Chiang Rai, Thailand) for improving the manuscript.
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Wu, F., Zhou, LW., Yang, ZL. et al. Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species. Fungal Diversity 98, 1–76 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00432-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00432-7